Social Media s Influence On Human Interaction - 872 Words

In today’s society, social media has caused us to demote human interaction and reward imitation connections and communications, making it hinder us from maintaining close personal relationships. We would rather talk to someone over the screen then over coffee, and only identify the worthy aspects of our life and disregard the undesirable. This want and desire through social media for a false persona and false ties gives us an aesthetic â€Å"good life†, but ultimately hinders us from reaching a genuine â€Å"good life†. Social media has replaced most human to human interaction, leading to decreased physical and mental abilities, making some lives less desirable. In Robert Waldingers TED Talk, The Harvard Study of Adult Development, his second lesson learned was that people who are more socially connected to family and friends are happier, physically healthier, and live longer. When this study took place, social media had not yet been revealed, leaving them with minimal options on how to communicate with people. Social media has changed the way that individuals interact, and in a sense, humans themselves. We find ourselves conversing more and more over social media websites such as Facebook, Twitter, and Snapchat, but when faced with actually face-to-face contact, are found speechless. With this new technology, more and more are likely to not become as connected to friends and family as the subjects were in the study, decreasing their overall happiness and hindering society. Not onlyShow MoreRelatedMead s Theory Of Self And Society1518 Words   |  7 PagesMead s Theory of Self and Society According to this theory, Mead suggested that people live in a world that is in a large part constructed in accordance with social and societal norms. He believed that objects, events, and behaviors come from the interpretation people give them, and interpretations vary from one group to another. In specific, the meaning of objects, events, and behaviors comes from the meaning people give these objects events, and behavior; thus, the interpretations may certainlyRead MoreThe Development Of Self Concept Essay818 Words   |  4 Pageslives; later, in the game stage, we can understand the roles of several different people simultaneously in our lives, when we can participate in complex team games such as football or soccer. According to Mead s (1972) symbolic interaction approach, game playing is an illustration of children s becoming a member of society. In a game, children initiate their socialization process and development of self-concept by taking the roles of others. Children of ten create invisible, imaginary companions withRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effect On Social Interaction1476 Words   |  6 Pagesspecies, social media (SM) is a construct of our already pre-existing social drive; the need to connect with others as well as maintain how others perceive us. Social media is defined as formated online communities where individuals create virtual identities and are able to send messages, share photos and videos, organize social events, and exchange information. The 21st century saw an increased access to the internet through the birth of the smartphone and the global phenomenon that is social mediaRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution And Agricultural Revolution1509 Words   |  7 Pagesof correspondence today is social media, particularly Facebook. In developing and maintaining friendships with others online, relationships are both strengthened and weakened by the barriers and networks formed through social media. As a result, sites like Facebook create a communication gap between those whose friendships are dependent upon social media, leaving numerous traits of the individual and the group up for debate. Most importantly, the influence of social media sites is slowly working toRead MoreHuman Resource Training For The Media Sector1679 Words   |  7 PagesMass media is a very important role in the development of today s society. It impacts on the social consciousness to establish and consolidate a system of political thought leaders for society; associate members of society into a unity, a whole on the basis of the stance, political attitudes generally. Mass media also perform monitoring functions, and social management, monitoring, detection, promptly report the problems, new conflicts arise, contributes political stability to society. Such an importantRead MoreEffects Of Technology On Socialization1300 Words   |  6 Pages Anti-social socialization: The effects of Technology on socialization of the youth in the 21st century Robert Elz University of North Georgia Abstract In the 21st century, technology is integrated in examines that to every aspect of our lives. It is prevalent is all sections of our culture, our homes, our schools and our communities. But what kind of effect is it having on those in their formative years? Does the abundance of technology have an effect on the newer generationsRead MoreMass Media And Its Impact On Society1195 Words   |  5 Pagesaudience† (Fearing, F. 1954), the social impacts of communications via mass media have been a subject of intense research by political and social scientists. This literature review intends to examine the major theories and perspectives on mass media with regard to its impact on society, which existed throughout the 1950’s and 70’s. Special attention will be given to the subjects of human social development, distribution of power, and human knowledge. Human social development has, without doubt, transformedRead MoreThe Current Era Of Media1494 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction In the current era of media is a step, a step towards innovation is very indispensable. It marks an innovation in bringing human society to a new level, a civilized society, development. That is a strong mark optimal development in all fields. This year is the 50th anniversary of Marshall McLuhan published learn about media. A statement made by him that made many people to think that The medium is the message. McLuhan clearly support the notion that media increases the desire and new purposesRead MoreSociological Perspectives Of Structural Functionalism1490 Words   |  6 Pagesfunctionalism, conflict theory and symbolic interactions, aid sociologist in gaining a broader understanding for purposes of this paper –religion (as a primarily social rather than theological or psychological phenomenon) and the effects on societies. In looking at how religion functions in social structures, social systems, and small group interpersonal interactions sociologists could formulate a bett er understanding of religion s role in society and the human experience. The sociologist looks at theRead MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence On People1388 Words   |  6 PagesEffect of Media Violence on People Media violence impacts the physical aggression of human beings. It is one of the many potential factors that influence the risk for violence and aggression. Research has proven that aggression in children will cause the likelihood of aggression in their adulthood. Theories have evolved that the violence present in the media most likely teaches the viewer to be more violent. It is a risky behavior that is established from the childhood. Furthermore, media violence

Is Capital Punishment Constitutional - 2107 Words

The United States of America, and nations worldwide mourned the execution of Troy Anthony Davis on September 22 of 2011. He was a convicted felon sentenced to death for the murder of a police officer in the state of Georgia. Davis became the face of capital punishment before and after his execution, causing uproar from the public and public figures worldwide. In an interview for CNN, Germany’s junior minister for human rights, Marcus Loening, stated, â€Å"There are still serious doubts about his guilt. An execution is irreversible – a judicial error can never be repaired† (Wilkinson). Georgia, along with thirty-two other states, considers capital punishment constitutional. The eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution states â€Å"Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted† (Cornell). Why is it then, that the United States Supreme Court finds capital punishment constitution al? Through an array of research of law and philosophy behind the death penalty, one must keep in mind that these are people’s lives in discussion. The United States holds justice, liberty, and freedom as central to its democracy. However, it practices capital punishment on the same scale as a communist country like China, a broken government country like Iran and an absolute monarchy country like Saudi Arabia. The Death Penalty is the ultimate punishment when seeking justice for a crime so heinous that a life sentence would notShow MoreRelatedCapital Punishment Is Not So Easy Way Out892 Words   |  4 PagesCapital Punishment a not so easy way out. Is showing the country that killing people is wrong by killing other people the right way to do it? Capital Punishment is a legal form of justice in 31 states of USA. This sentence consist in taking the life of the accused individuals as a punishment for committing atrocious crimes such as murder, rape and child abuse. Not only capital punishment is morally and ethically wrong, Capital punishment also violates our constitutional rights, it also takes theRead MoreBanning Capital Punishment in the United States Essay1187 Words   |  5 PagesBanning the use of capital punishment in the United States Capital punishment (the death penalty) is a legal procedure which is known as the most severe punishment where the law authorizes execution as a punishment for criminals (Gerald, 2008). Many people claim that allowing such a punishment will help decrease the crime rate, and also give closure to the victim’s family, but if you as American citizens analyze this situation in more detail you can see that taking a life for taking a life is moreRead MoreCapital Punishment : Deontology Vs. Consequentialism1165 Words   |  5 Pages Capital Punishment: Deontology vs. consequentialism Subject: Analyze the deontological and consequentialist arguments on both sides of the issue of capital punishment in Gregg v Georgia. In this paper I will present the moral arguments of deontology and consequentialism used to determine whether or not using the death penalty was in fact constitutional. I will present both sides of the arguments and present them in the context of this trial and of similar situations where the arguments couldRead MoreShould Capital Punishment Be Allowed?1376 Words   |  6 Pagesthirty-one states and the federal government under the capital punishment sentence (â€Å"Facts About the Death Penalty†). Throughout those years however, controversial opinions have aroused on whether the capital punishment should be permitted, its success on reflecting a deterrent effect, and even its morality. Although it is often argued that Capital punishment is appropriate when the crime reaches an egregious extent, the revocation of constitutional securities, discrimination within race and income statusRead MoreThe Death Penalty : Costly, Counterproductive, And Corrupting1678 Words   |  7 P agescrime: costly, counterproductive and corrupting; 35 Santa Clara Law Review 1211 (1995) Summary paragraph: In Stephen Bright’s article, â€Å"The Death Penalty as the Answer to Crime: Costly, Counterproductive, and Corrupting† Bright asserts that capital punishment does not work because it is racially biased, the quality of the lawyers and attorneys supplied by the state to poor defendants is unfair, and that the law system currently in place does not accomplish its true goals. Bright defends his claimRead MoreIs Lethal Injection More Humane Than Hanging Or Firing Squad?815 Words   |  4 Pagesthe name of Sir Robert Christison in 1846, lethal injection was later implemented for the first time in 1977 by American medical examiner Jay Chapman as a way to supplement previous forms of capital punishment seen as painful. This relatively new form of execution has been the primary form of capital punishment in five countries, including the United States, for about the past thirty years, but has come under much criticism in recent years for its presumed inhumane proceedings. Near fifteen hundredRead MoreThe Case Of The United States Constitution1354 Words   |  6 Pagesallows the originally intended and unbiased ideas of the founding fathers to be applied to modern legal scenarios. Originalism is the most appropriate constitutional theory to follow when making judicial decisions since it is more consistent and unbiased than other theories, such as moral constitutionalism for example,. The preceding constitutional theory contains an unjust and improper argument as to why it is successful as opposed to originalism and each other. The theory allows the ConstitutionRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Justified1143 Words   |  5 PagesObjective paper on the death penalty Capital punishment is legally authorized killing as punishment for a crime. The death penalty questions the morality of killing a person as justification for their crime. It also brings to question whether the death penalty actually serves as a deterrent for crime, and that some of the people executed are found innocent afterwards. The debates over the constitutionality of the death penalty and whether capital punishment should be used for retribution are alsoRead MoreDeath Penalty As A Form Of Capital Punishment895 Words   |  4 Pages In some states they practice death penalty as a form of capital punishment. The death penalty has been around since the country has been founded and is defined as the punishment of execution, administered to someone legally convicted of a capital crime. Legally there are only a number of ways one can be executed here in the U.S, those include; lethal injection, electrocution, gas chamber, hanging, and firing squad, with lethal injection being t he most common form. For centuries people have arguedRead MoreTaking a Look at Capital Punishment1080 Words   |  4 Pages Since 1608, legal systems have used capital punishment as justice. â€Å"As of November 2014, 32 states have the death penalty. There have been a total of 1348 executions from January 1977 to the end of 2014† (capitalpunishmentuk). The capital punishment only affects those who sentenced in the crime of rape or murder. The most popular death method is lethal injection. There are other options such as â€Å"electrocution, hanging, shooting, and the gas chamber† (capitalpunishmentuk) but theses alternative

Impact of communities of value on growth of information technology Free Essays

Communities of value may be defined as huge networks between individuals bearing similar interest in value. It is often used about and within groupings in which customers, consumers, and concerned stakeholders are dynamically networking with each other about a given product, service, or brand. Organizations which still adore ancient ways of doing business loathe hearing that individuals are sharing information within themselves. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of communities of value on growth of information technology or any similar topic only for you Order Now Such firms prefer ‘talking’ more than online communication. Basically, organizations that enjoy fooling consumers will attempt to sabotage and drain any attempt of sharing information within a given socio-economic community of value. It is certain that such companies have to change and embrace information technology fully otherwise they have no option other than to close doors. There are various communities of value. Examples of these communities include; eBay, Napster, Linux, PHP, MySQL, Amazon, Double-Click, Akamai among others. Such communities form by themselves and are found all over the world, wherever online forums are available and regardless of whether concerned companies participate or not. Impact on growth of information technology Communities of value rely on advanced technology. This calls for overhaul of entire information technology. As the communities of value grow both in nature and complexity IT capability is also stretched. Thus need for growth in this industry. Various communities of value need diverse IT options. To tap the collective knowledge of entire network and address common interest of members of these communities calls for innovation in the IT industry. For example, just the other day Web 2. 0 technology developed options that allowed members to connect in ways that were not possible before. Various groups with common interest and value are able to join networks and get involved depending on favored interest. Through advanced IT organizations are able to harness collective value of consumers thus enhancing customer relationship. In conclusion, communities of value keep on increasing and extending across socio-economic boundaries. Growth of these communities brings in technological demands which can only be addressed through reengineering IT industry. Pressure from communities of value leaves the IT field with one option-dynamic growth. How to cite Impact of communities of value on growth of information technology, Papers

Bruce Lee Biography Essay Example For Students

Bruce Lee Biography Essay Bruce Lee was born in the Chinese year of the dragon, in the hour of the dragon on November 27, 1940. From the beginning, it was obvious he was a remarkable and unique child with tremendous energy. His mother named him Lee Jun Fan, which meant return again. She felt he would return to the United States where he was born while his parents were on tour with the Cantonese opera. A nurse suggested he be called Bruce as an American name for him. Childhood Bruce Lee was born in San Francisco at the Jackson Street Hospital in Chinatown. When he and his family returned to Hong Kong in 1941, he was called Sai Fon, which meant small phoenix, a feminine name. Bruce had an older brother who died as a baby. The Chinese blamed this on evil spirits or demons who take the lives of male babies to destroy the familys name. So they dressed Bruce in little girls clothing and called him Sai Fon. When they returned to Hong Kong, the Lee household consisted of Mr. Lee, his wife Grace Lee, Bruces two sisters, Agnes and Phoebe, his older brother Peter, and later to be joined his little brother Robert. Bruce grew up in a very crowded house. He lived in a two bedroom flat. Upon the death of Mr. Lees brother, he, as in Chinese custom, had to taken in his whole brothers Family and had to be the provider. This meant nearly 20 people lived in the flat. It was through his fathers connection that Bruce ultimately became a child film star. His own acting ability was clear from the beginning. Bruce posed as a great natural actor and possessed a great natural ability for acting. His father used to take him backstage. As a young boy, Bruce always hung around the set where his father was working on film. Few people have started a major film career as early as Bruce did. He as barely three months old when he was given the part in a Chinese movie made in San Francisco. Another movie called The Beginning of a Boy he made in Hong Kong when he was six. Bruces favorite saying from when he was just starting Kung Fu up to when he died was, As long as I can remember, I feel I have had this great creative and spiritual force within me that is greater than faith, greater than ambition, greater than confidence, greater than determination, greater than vision. It is all combined. My brain becomes magnetized with this dominating force, which I hold in my hand. Bruce had learned this from Master Sifu Yip Man. Influences Shortly after Bruce entered La Salle College of China (middle school to us), he came home one day and told his mother he was being bullied around after school. He wanted to be trained in the martial arts. His father practiced Tai Chi Chuan, which is a series of exercises and moves carried out in slow motion. Bruce had joined his father once or twice doing Tai Chi, but the slowness of the movements did not appeal to him. His teacher became Master Sifu Yip Man, a master at Wing Chun system of Kung Fu. Yip Man showed Bruce a way to find direction in life, he interested his young student in the philosophical teachings of Buddha, Confucius, Lao-Tze, the founders of Taoism, and other great spiritual Leaders. As a result, Bruces mind became a sponge of the wisdom of such teachers, specifically, but not exclusively, the deep teachings of the Yin-Yang principle. Yin-Yang is generally represented by the double fish symbol, the foundation of which stayed with Bruce and guided him through his adult life. .u9111a6b75585786ef9fa1b4fae86d504 , .u9111a6b75585786ef9fa1b4fae86d504 .postImageUrl , .u9111a6b75585786ef9fa1b4fae86d504 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9111a6b75585786ef9fa1b4fae86d504 , .u9111a6b75585786ef9fa1b4fae86d504:hover , .u9111a6b75585786ef9fa1b4fae86d504:visited , .u9111a6b75585786ef9fa1b4fae86d504:active { border:0!important; } .u9111a6b75585786ef9fa1b4fae86d504 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9111a6b75585786ef9fa1b4fae86d504 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9111a6b75585786ef9fa1b4fae86d504:active , .u9111a6b75585786ef9fa1b4fae86d504:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9111a6b75585786ef9fa1b4fae86d504 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9111a6b75585786ef9fa1b4fae86d504 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9111a6b75585786ef9fa1b4fae86d504 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9111a6b75585786ef9fa1b4fae86d504 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9111a6b75585786ef9fa1b4fae86d504:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9111a6b75585786ef9fa1b4fae86d504 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9111a6b75585786ef9fa1b4fae86d504 .u9111a6b75585786ef9fa1b4fae86d504-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9111a6b75585786ef9fa1b4fae86d504:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: International Business EssayHardships When Bruce Lee was eighteen years old, his family feared that he would oin a gang, so they decided that he should return to San Francisco. This hurt and broke Bruces heart to be away from his family. He always made the best out of impossible situations. The trip took eighteen days on a steamship. Bruce was also an expert dancer, and had won a crown for the cha-cha in 1958. So to pass the time away, he spent most of his it in first class performing and demonstrating the cha-cha. He even showed a few passengers a few dance moves. Upon arriving to the United States, he wanted to be the first to teach any martial arts, particularly Kung Fu, to the people in his new country. He felt that what he had to offer was far greater than physical martial arts techniques. He soon realized he did not have the necessary manpower of instructors to teach his principles to such a group. Nor would he ever. Bruce always had a training regiment, one day he disregarded a part of his routine. He failed to warm up properly before beginning his weight lifting routine. He bent over to pick up weights, and he injured his fourth sacral nerve permanently. He was told to give up Kung Fu. Bruce stayed in bed with no movement at all for three months. This made Bruce angry and full of rage. He ontrolled his anger very well by writing a book with the exclusive help from his wife. While he spoke the words to write, she wrote them down because of his handicap. Bruce worked himself back to normal very slowly. He died at the age of 32 of hypersensitivity to a combination of ingredients contained in a headache pill someone had given him. But Bruce Lees death today is still a controversy, because different people think he died of different ways. Nobody has been proven right, yet no one has been proven wrong. Accomplishments Bruce Lee had finally found a way in which he could show the vast ajority his extraordinary talents. Bruce starred in the show Green Hornet. A very popular show in the United States and in Hong Kong. He also starred in a television show called Longstreet. Longstreet was one of the best martial arts shows of all time on the air. Bruce Lee was also involved with a popular TV show called Kung Fu, starring David Carradine. The essence of Lees life was not in the skills he had achieved, nor the money he made, nor the fame he created. To him, his greatest achievement was he made himself, himself. Physically, he turned a skinny frame into a deadly or gentle tool. Mentally, he gave deep wisdom. Whatever Bruce Lee decided to do, whether it was to be a fighter, an actor, a dancer, or being a friend, he always gave it his all. And in a lot of cases, his all was the best. Reflections I find Bruce Lee is both idolized and magnificent. He is one of the worlds best martial artist that ever lived. Maybe even to some people he was, is, and will always be the greatest martial artist that ever lived. He is a great man that can be looked at by many different angles: he was a martial artist, a dancer, an actor, and a very wise person. He has taken everything bad hat fate had given him and turned to be a marvelous feat, such as: racism, because he was Chinese, there was a lot of put-downs, and stuff that people said he couldnt do. Yet he was the first and the best martial art teacher there ever was, and is. He was the first to teach all different races. In one case mentioned earlier in this report, doctors said he would never walk, let alone fight, dance, or act again. Yet slowly but surely he walked, fought, danced, and acted better than he ever did. In my own opinion, Bruce Lee is the greatest example of what a Everything human being should be.

Unit Activity Essays (1253 words) - Mathematics,

Unit Activity Unit: Systems of Equations This activity will help you meet these educational goals: Mathematical Practices-You will make sense of problems and solve them, reason abstractly and quantitatively, use mathematics to model real-world situations, and look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning. Introduction In this unit, you used different methods to create and solve linear equations. You modeled scenarios using linear inequalities and solved them with the help of graphs. You studied patterns and sequences and were introduced to function notation, range and domain of functions, and different ways of representing a function. In this activity, you will analyze real-world situations by modeling them as linear equations or inequalities. __________________________________________________________________________ Directions and Analysis Task 1: Self-Publishing You've written your first novel and, like many first-time authors, can't find a publisher. So you've decided to self-publish your book. You need to work out the cost of printing the book. a. If the cost of printing the novel includes a base cost of $1,550 plus $4 per book, write a function that represents the cost of printing x copies of the book. Type your response here: b. If you want to cover the printing costs by printing and selling only 50 copies of the book, at what price must you sell the book? Type your response here: c. Based on the book price per copy you calculated in the previous task, write a function to represent your income if you sell x copies. Type your response here: d. After spending $200 on market research, you discover that you can sell many more copies of your book if you price it at $20. Write new functions for both your expenses and your income from selling x copies. Type your response here: e. Use the Edmentum Graphing Tool to graph the two functions you wrote in part d. Examine the graph, and estimate the minimum number of copies of your book you must print and sell to avoid losing money. Capture a screenshot of your graph, and include it with your answer. Type your response here: f. Solve the system of equations you derived in part d to find the exact number of copies (rounded up to the nearest whole number) you need to sell to avoid losing money. Type your response here: Task 2: School Fundraising Your school is planning a fundraising dinner. The expense for this event must not exceed $2,475.00. The team organizing the event has calculated that the cost per adult guest will be $18.00 and the cost per child guest will be $9.00. The venue can hold no more than 150 guests. a. Write a system of inequalities that represents this situation. Type your response here: b. Use the Edmentum Graphing Tool to graph the system of inequalities you created in part a. Highlight the region under each inequality using a different color. Then highlight the region common to both inequalities using a pattern such as horizontal, vertical, or diagonal lines. Capture a screenshot of your graph, and paste it in the space provided. Paste your graph here: c. Using the graph, determine the maximum number of adults (rounded up to the nearest whole) who could can attend the dinner and fill the venue to capacity. Type your response here: d. If the event were held in a venue that can accommodate 200 guests, what is the maximum number of adults who could attend if the event fills the venue to capacity? Include a screenshot of your revised graph with your answer. Type your response here: e. If you want to find a venue with a capacity that guarantees you cannot go over budget, what is the maximum number of people the venue will hold? Type your response here: f. The school aims to raise a minimum of $5,250 after paying for all the expenses. If the school collects $50 per guest and chooses a venue that can seat not more than 150 guests, what is the minimum number of children that must attend the event? Include a screenshot of your graph with your response. Type your response here: Task 3: Ancestry of a Male Honeybee Honeybee reproduction is an interesting phenomenon. When a queen bee lays an egg, the egg does not need to be fertilized by a male honeybee to hatch. The egg will develop into a male or a female honeybee depending on whether the egg is fertilized by a male honeybee. The outcome is determined

First Anglo-Chinese War Essays

First Anglo-Chinese War Essays First Anglo-Chinese War Paper First Anglo-Chinese War Paper How do you understand the nature of the First Anglo-Chinese War (1840-42)? The First Anglo-Chinese War broken out in 1840-42. it was a war to show about the reaction of China to the Western country. Before First Anglo-Chinese War, China was a closed country, but after the War, the door of China became to opien. So the First Anglo-Chinese War was very important in Chinese History. But why the First Anglo-Chinese War broken out? What is the nature of the First Anglo-Chinese War. To the nature of the First Anglo-Chinese War, some people said that it was caused by opium trade.But in my own opinion, the First Anglo-Chinese War was more suitable for the name of the commercial war. Traditionally, British look the trade as very important. Most of the war that British declared just because of trade. In 17th centry, British were already trade with China. The British buy so many tea and silk from China and just sell a little of cotton to China. It made the disbalance of trade. Britain lost money for every year. So in order to change this situation, British demanded China to open more trade port to do the trade. And also cancelled the Gonghong policy, let the British merchant do the free trade in China.But to China, traditionally China did not look trade as important. : Because Chinese thought that they use agricultural to build the country. also Chinese thought that to trade with foreigners are the policy of favour to the foreigners. It was a gift, so the foreigners could demand any more to China. So China refused all the demand about British. Sin order to open Chinas market and make the British merchant could do the free trade in China, the only way to solve was use war to force China to open her market. Some people argued that the First-Anglo Chinese War was a Opium War. It was because Lin-Zixyu flow all the Opium.The British government fight with China because Chinese government made British lost in the Opium. However, the opium trade still not a main reason to make British to fight with China. It is because British government knew that opium was not a moral thing. So British government would not fight with China just because of the opium. Although British earned a lot of silver. In the opium trade, British government thought if China could open her market, Britain must earn a lot of money too. Because opium was not a moral thing, so if the British could made choice, they wont see opium to China.Moreover, if British government really treat opium important, then why British government did not demand China in Treaty of Nanijng to make opium become legal. So we can see that the First Anglo-Chinese War were mainly caused by the ordinary trade, but not the opium trade. Also some people said that if opium were replaced by cotton, the war still would broke out. I agree on this. because opium just as an excuse to force China to open her market. Whatever opium or cotton, the only aim for British were opened Chinas market. Some people said that the nature of the First Anglo-Chinese War was different cultural.Yes because of different cultural, like China treat trade not important, but British treat trade important. Also China treat foreigners as barbarians, they did not respect to British and different law between Britain and China. But every years, although the different cultural, there were still a lot of merchants went to China to trade. We can see that the British could earn benefit from the trade. So they didnt mind any different cultural. The only think they would consider was how to earn money. Some people said the nature of the First Anglo-Chinese War is diplomatic problems.Because the emperor of China didnt respect to the British missionaries. The Emperor need the missionaries to kowtao to him. It made the missionaries very angry. However, if the British really mind about the diplomatic problems, why they still modified to kowtao to emperor. And sent three not one missionaries to China. Also the three missionaries came to China just to talk about trade between Britain and China. To conclude, the nature of the First Anglo-Chinese War only have one. It is the commercial trade. If the trade between China and Britain could become better, their will be no First Anglo-Chinese War.

Develop an online strategy to create advertising to improve business Essay

Develop an online strategy to create advertising to improve business - Essay Example With the colossal development of technology, e-commerce has now become one of the important business tools for small and large business houses across the globe. E-commerce is not just used as the technology for promoting sales, but is also used as a tool for engaging customers and remaining in touch with them (Gao, 2013). Furthermore, e-commerce is one of the cheapest forms of business transaction. Along with that it has mass reach (Goel, 2007). One of the biggest advantages of e-commerce technology is that it has no time limitations and companies can use this technology to carry out business operation across the whole day. The labor cost and delivery time also get reduced to a great extent thereby reducing the overall cost of operation (Alsmadi, Alhami & Alsmadi, 2009). Studies have shown that e-commerce market is growing at a robust rate (Ecommerce-land, 2004). When it started the market value of e-commerce business was considerably less, but according to latest reports, the global e-commerce market has reached $1 trillion reflecting a growth of 21.1% market share. Forecasters have predicted that this year the market will grow further and will touch $1.298 trillion worldwide reflecting a growth of 18.3% (Emarketer, 2013). ... With a staggering 384 million internet users, e-commerce provides companies with the opportunity to expand business and increase the overall revenue. Therefore it can be affirmed that recommending Mary and Joe Johnson to implement e-commerce technology for their business operation is fully justified. The next sections of the study will throw light on the certain aspects of e-commerce and its associated concepts. Importance and Features of a Website The growth and development of technology have influenced a number of firms across the world to implement new systems for enhancing their overall productivity. The emergence of internet has taken the use of technology for business to the next level. Eminent scholars and industry experts have stated that internet has actually changed the way of business transaction is carried out. Furthermore, it has also played pivotal roles in the improving business communication and the flow of information across the organization hierarchy (Jagoda, 2010). A company considering e-commerce implementation for business transaction should also encompass a website, which is the platform over which business deals will be carried out. A website is defined as a collection of different ‘web pages’ under a single domain name. Websites are powerful and cost effective marketing tools as well. In addition, a company having its own website increases the chances of getting recognized and remains visible in the marketplace. Some of the key features of a website are as follows: - 1. Provide Information: - The most important feature of a website is that it provides information to the users about the subject of concern. It not only offer the users with

How the country Music of that Era Helped Research Paper

How the country Music of that Era Helped - Research Paper Example After Great Depression and Sand Storm, Americans not only suffered financial break down but also emotional turmoil .Country music came out as a solace. Country music of this era has a profound impact on American’s subconscious. This music provided individuality to the nation. Americans identify themselves with Country singing. American country ballads were subjective and secular in nature. The music of that time is also known as Old time music and Mountain music. The year 1920 saw the first generation of Southern performers called hillybilly in Commercial music. The music of that era was recorded and sold but with the onset of Great Depression, people could not afford buying records but were able to enjoy free music on radio. Radio stations in 1920s were hungry for the live performances of the country singers and since then the popularity of this genre grew. The popularity of radio shows led to the creation of Barn dances. Various forms of country songs became popular like Roc k and Roll, Dansband, Southern Rock and Heartland Rock. The cousins Owen Gentry and Cook formed Alabama, the popular Rock Band, in 1969. They were known by the name Young Country. They first played at High school talent contest, won the first prize, and gradually decided to make music their full time career. They renamed it Wild Country and later called it Alabama. Alabama gave a new facet to the country music. They are not only famous for their soulful southern ballads that Writer 2 stirred emotions in women of all ages but also catered to the enthusiasm and the spirit of the youth of that era. As Galante remarks, â€Å"They really have a way of saying something different.†

World Literature Paper 2(B) - IB English HL Essay

World Literature Paper 2(B) - IB English HL - Essay Example The plot of the story revolves around the life stories of these two prisoners, Luis Molina, a homosexual, and Valentin Arregui, a political prisoner. Molina was guilty of some pedophilia, for having sex relations with a young boy. Valentin on the other hand was jailed and mercilessly tortured for supporting the Marxist movement. How each prisoner dealt with their fate in prison also varies in perspective. While Valentin was wary on how to change the world and win the cause their movement is fighting for, Molina found escape by narrating lines from an old favourite movie, Her Real Glory, which his prison mate identified as a Nazi Propaganda film. But Molina for her part was not mindful of the political color of the film; he fantasized on the emotional drama of the lovers in her story, mimicking selected acts of the lady lover. Not long after, a friendship bond develops between the prisoners accepting the fact that they only have each other to cling to, each the protector and helper of the other. They are trapped in prison cell where circumstances ease out the differences between their ideals and forge understanding, acceptance and emotional attachment. Later Molina got out of prison on parole while Valentin was left behind to be tortured. On the day Molina left the prison cell, he gave in to Valentin’s plea for him to call his comrades and deliver his message. The story ended with Molina’s death while carrying out favor for his prison mate, while Valentin was in the infirmary after being tortured to death. Then the prison mates joined in the surreal each still being wary of what had happened to each other. This assignment will explore the creative aspect of the plot particularly on how the Molina’s narration of the movie within the movie, the dialogues and voices affected the audience imagination. Such vivid description of the characters and acts

Reflective account of a recent legal incident

Reflective account of a recent legal incident Nurses are faced with many legal or ethical dilemmas, the Nurses Handbook of Law Ethics (1992) states that nurses should integrate knowledge of ethical and legal aspects of health care and professional values into nursing practice. It is important to know what types of dilemmas nurses may face during their careers and how they may have been dealt with in the past. In this paper I will address one of these dilemmas in the form of a critical incidence and outline the legal and ethical problems, I will also give my personal reflective thoughts to show learning and understanding. As a student nurse I have encountered a number of critical incidents that I have wanted to reflect on to improve my practice. The critical incident that I am focusing on in this essay deals with issues of neglect, duty of care and a lack of communication and awareness between professionals and patients. Through this critical incident, I will explore the issues from a professional, legal and ethical perspective. Showing how through reflection, I can learn both personally and professionally how to become a better nurse. In this essay I will discuss my understanding of reflection using a reflective model. This will be followed by an analysis of the incident and what ethical and legal borders were crossed. In accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery Code of Conduct (NMC 2008) all names and placement details will be concealed, and I will refer to the patient as Mrs. A at all times. Refection is an important tool for a nurse, it offers a vehicle through which we can communicate and justify the importance of practice and practice knowledge Bulman and Schtuz (2004, p1) . There are two forms of reflection, refection-in-action and reflection-on-action. Reflection in action is to think about what one is doing whilst one is doing it; it is typically stimulated by surprise, by something which puzzled the practitioner concerned(Greenwood, 1993). Schon (1987, p26) believes that the individual will Stop and think and pause in the midst of action. I do believe that this happens in practice and a benefit of this type of reflection is it shows more intelligent thinking however a disadvantage is it would take up valuable time when stopping to think about all your action. Reflection on action is defined as The retrospective contemplation of practice undertaken in order to uncover the knowledge used in practical situations, by analysing and interpreting the information recalled (Fitzgerald, 1994pp67). Reflection on action involves looking back in hindsight and turning the information from the incident into knowledge to use in the future. Alternatively Boyd Fales suggest reflection on action is The process of creating and clarifying the meanings of experiences in terms of self in relation to both self and world. The outcome of this process is changed conceptual perspectives (Boyd Fales, 1983pp113). None of these views however take into consideration reflection before action, as we plan out our acts before we do them. There are many reflective models that show how to reflect on situations properly and learn from them, the one I have chosen for the purpose of my essay is Gibbs model of Reflection (1998). Gibbs model Confronts practitioners to consider their normal way of thinking and responding within the situation towards gaining insight into self and practice (Johns 2005 p18). It is a simple model and encourages a clear description of the situation, it analyses the practioners feelings, gives you help to evaluate the experience and maybe make sense of it all and it examines what you would do if the situation arose again. Gibbs model incorporates all the core skills of reflection. It is focused more on reflection on action, but with practice it could be used to focus on reflection in and before action. Gibbs Model consists of 6 stages: Stage 1: Description of the event, Stage 2: Feelings and Thoughts (Self awareness), Stage 3: Evaluation, Stage 4: Analysis, Stage 5: Conclusion (Synthesis), Stage 6: Action Plan. I will go through each stage in relation to my critical incident. The first stage is describing the event, my placement was on a busy community hospital that dealt with a variety of elderly patients who were there for rest and rehabilitation or re-housing. Mrs A was a 70 year old patient on the ward who was suffering with orthopaedic problems. She had bone deterioration and had broken her leg badly from a fall in her home, it was such a bad break that she had to have her right leg in a full cast from hip to toe. She had good use of her other limbs and was taught by the physiotherapists to use a special stick and strap on shoe when trying to walk. Mrs A found this extremely hard to do and over time she stopped trying or even wanting to try and eventually stopped wanting to do anything for herself. Mrs A gradually started pressing the call bell more and more to get the nurses to help her with trivial things that often she could do or get for herself. The nurses who were at times very busy felt this was of great annoyance, they would tell Mrs A that they had other patients to help, not just her and that she had to stop pressing the bell so much. Mrs A was obviously scared about falling again and wanted a bit if attention which was overlooked by the nurses and I witnessed a number of times, that the call bell would be moved out of Mrs As reach or wrapped around a peg behind her where she again could not reach it. This was a great worry to me as what would happen if she did have a genuine emergency? In this paragraph, I will discuss the second stage; my feelings and thoughts. When I first met Mrs A I introduced myself and sat at eye level with her as to build a good rapport, I could sense she was nervous and so wanted to make her feel comfortable. Each day we would chat and although she was slightly demanding she was a lovely lady who was never nasty or foul mouthed just lonely. The nurses would often complain about her and after voicing my opinion to my mentor of how she just wanted someone to talk to I was told she and the other nurses didnt have the time and Mrs A was selfish for not realising they were busy and tired. I could understand the nurses concerns about seeing all of the patients and having a suitable break but thought the attitude towards Mrs A was unfair. When I saw the nurses remove/move the call bell I asked my mentor again why that was being done and she told me to stop her from having them constantly running around after her when I asked what if a real emerge ncy arose she did not answer and felt too embarrassed to ask again, this whole situation led me to evaluate my practice and the practice of those around me. Evaluation is the third stage of Gibbs (1988) model of reflection and the reflector must state what they feel was good and bad about the incident. I understand that fatigue is a common issue with nurses as alot work long hard days sometimes without breaks, Van Dijk Swaen (2008, p1136) state that, Fatigue is a common complaint in the working population. Approximately 20% of the working population report symptoms that fall under the concept of fatigue. and I also recognize that fatigue can contribute toward errors in judgement and practice but I feel fatigue was not a massive factor in Mrs As care, it was more laziness on the nurses behalf rather than tiredness. Stage four of Gibbs (1988) is an analysis. (Will Expand) In conclusion, stage five of the Gibbs (1988) model, I am aware that all nurses do not hide patients call bells when they are getting tired or annoyed at the patients persistent calling but as I witnessed some nurses do. I will in future try to not let pressure stop me from doing the right thing and speaking up for a patient. I must strive to practice as safely as a can and do so in the patients best interest. Within my action plan my aim is to research further into how to help and deal with the patient in need of constant attention and find literature to help qualified nurses when dealing with the same problem. In conclusion my reflection skills have developed through the production of this essay. Using Gibbs model of reflection has helped me to structure my thoughts and feelings appropriately. My level of awareness concerning patients needs and feelings has been enhanced with the use of critical reflection. My competence, within this situation, has been further developed and I now feel that my personal and professional development is progressing. Using this reflective model has helped me to realise that my learning is something which I must be proactive in. Furthermore as a student nurse I have recognised that reflection is an important learning tool in practice. Reflection may help to develop knowledge of law and ethics as when we reflect an incident, legal and ethical issues may arise and be researched thus new knowledge will be learned and then used in relation to practice. Law affects almost everything we do Judith Hendrick (2000, p1). Law is either made by judges(common law) or parliament(statute law). Statute law is started as a bill or proposal made by the government, an individual MP or a member of the house of lords, it is debated and then either approved or denied with or without amendments. Statutes have been passed on most topics but some of those relevant to health care are; statutes establishing the NHS and modifying its structure and organisation and acts regulating the health care professions such as the Medical Act 1983 for doctors, nurses, midwifes and health visitors. This is primary legislation as it sets out basic rules for all in the UK to follow, secondary legislation is law made by an executive authority under powers given to them by primary legislation so for example the welsh assembly have delegated powers to implement requirements set out in primary legislation. Common law is law developed by judges through decisions of cases in court. It is based on precedent (legal principles developed in earlier cases). Statute law sets out a framework for the NHS and common law sets out the law of the land but nurses are also governed by 3 separate set of legal rules. Legal obligations to patients, Professional obligations to patients (imposed by the UKCC -will explain) and legal employment relationship, this outlines the employers right to have his staff perform at a professional standard and the staff to have the right to be treated properly. This is what I will include in the rest of my essay. NHS Trust BREACH OF THE CODE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT: In this incident the following clauses are relevant: Clause 1. Act always in such a manner as to promote and safeguard the interests and wellbeing of patients and clients Clause 2. ensure that no action or omission on your par t, or within your sphere of responsibility, is detrimental to the interests, condition or safety of patients and clients . Clause 7. recognize and respect the uniqueness and dignity of each patient and client, and respond to their need of care, irrespective of their ethnic origin, religious beliefs, personal attributes, the nature of their health problems or any other factor Clause11. report to an appropriate person or authority, having regard to the physical, psychological and social effects on patients and clients, any circumstances in the environment of care which could jeopardize standards of practice

Bram Stoker report Essay -- Essays Papers

Bram Stoker report Bram Stoker was born in Dublin, Ireland on November 8th, 1847. His father was a civil servant in Dublin Castle, and his mother, Charlotte, was a women’s lib advocate. They had seven children in nine years; the third of which was Bram. The first seven years of his life he was bedridden with an undiagnosed disease which may have been anything from rheumatic fever, asthma or a form of nonparalytic polio. During these first years of his life as he laid in his bed he listened to stories his mother told him of the cholera epidemic of 1832; people buried alive, and entire families dying in a matter of days. At the age of 12 Bram left his home to attend school at Dublin’s Rutland Square under Reverend William Wood. During these years he made up for his childhood sickness by becoming involved in athletics and became an endurance walker. Following his older brothers lead in 1863, at the age of 17, he entered Trinity College in Dublin. Only ten years after he took his first steps he was now six foot two and 175 pounds. He joined several clubs and groups; he became president of the Philosophical Society, auditor of the Historical Society, he played soccer, was unbeatable in his walking marathons, and after two years he became the athletics champion of Trinity. In 1866 Bram took a one year leave of absence from Trinity to work as a clerk in the Registrar of Petty Sessions at Dublin Castle. Later in the year he saw the play The Rivals playing the lead, Captain Absolute, was the British actor Henry Irving, a person who would play a major role in Bram’s life. He was so impressed by Irving’s performance he wrote: â€Å"What I saw, to my amazement and delight , was a patrician figure as real as the person of one’s dreams, and endowed with the same poetic grace. A young soldier, handsome, distinguished, self-dependent; compact of grace and slumberous energy. A man of quality who stood out from his surroundings on the stage as a being of another social world. A figure full of dash and fine irony, and whose ridicule seemed to bite; buoyant with the joy of life; self-conscious; an offensive egoist envy in his love-making; of supreme and unsurpassable insolence, veiled and shrouded in his fine quality of manner.† He returned to Trinity after his absence and graduated in 1871 with a degree in science, he then stayed on... ...ns. In the last year of his life Stoker suffered from a number of illnesses from: Bright’s Disease (a painful kidney disease), gout, syphilis, and exhaustion. On April 15th, 1912 Florence Stoker rushed to her husbands bedroom to tell him that the luxury liner Titanic had sunk the night before. Five days later April 20th, the day the investigation into the Titanic disaster began, Bram Stoker died at the age of 64. His death certificate listed three causes of death: Locomotor Ataxy (tertiary syphilis), Granular Contracted Kidney (Bright’s Disease), and exhaustion. The story of Dracula has been played out many times over in Hollywood with the most famous being; Nosferatu (1928), Dracula (1931) starring Bela Lugosi, Count Dracula (1971) starring Christopher Lee, and Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1992) starring Gary Oldman. It was first a Broadway stage play in the late 1920’s. It’s leading actor, Bela Lugosi, would go on to play the original Dracula and play the part in over 80 other horror movies. Dracula still remains the one work Bram Stoker is remembered for and today, over 100 years after it was published, it remains one of the most popular books of all time.

Barriers for Adopting Electronic Health Records (Ehrs) by Physicians Essay

Barriers for Adopting Electronic Health Records (EHRs) by Physicians Introduction In the article, â€Å"Barriers for Adopting Electronic Health Records (EHRs) by Physicians,† researchers analyze the resistance associated with adoption of EHR systems by U.S. physicians. Current research supports the notion that electronic health records are not vastly supported in the U.S., especially in comparison to other countries. According to researchers at the Weill Cornell Medical College, â€Å"Doctors who go digital do appear to provide significantly better health care† (Nordqvist, 2012). While there are many productivity concerns around implementing a new system, this article explains why physicians are resistant to the adoption of EHRs and how those oppositions can affect the system. Analysis of Key Issues In 2012 approximately 72 percent of office-based physicians had adopted any HER system and 40 percent had adopted basic EHR systems (King, Patel, Furukawa, 2012). While there are a myriad of issues associated with the adoption of EHRs nationwide, some of the most prevalent are miscommunication, misinformation and misinterpretation. Physicians are apprehensive about the level error that could prevail with using EHRs. Joseph Conn found that, â€Å"an alarming number of clinicians are anecdotally reporting a substantial increase in the incidence of wrong order/wrong patient errors wile using the computerized physician order entry component of information systems† (2013). Clearly physician resistance to EHRs is directly related to the safety of patients as an increased predisposition for error is being revealed. Conversely, EHRs can be equally superior as they can also contribute more accuracy to the healthcare infrastructure. The Missouri Health Connection shared that EHRs can pr ovide health records universally, â€Å"improving the coordination and continuity of care and promoting informed decision making† amongst many other things (n.d.). Findings Based on the results from the study there are 20 reasons that physicians are resistant to the adoption of EHRs; stemming from cost to doctor-patient relationship. With all the viable concerns that physicians have, they  remain resistant and the acceptance rate is still low. Personal Assessment The evolution of EHRs and its impact on Obamacare and the overall healthcare system is pioneering. Obamacare is based on the perception that health care in the U.S. is more expensive than any other industrial nation because the incentive configuration is inadequate. Ideally, the government would like for Medicaid and Medicare patients to be consistently healthy and otherwise reimburse the physicians for keeping them healthy. However, for this to work the government needs instant access to patient records. With this access the government can eliminate reimbursement solely on test and procedures but incentivize for health results. While EHRs are beneficial for physicians they are equally beneficial for patients. The ability to walk into any healthcare facility and the physician have access to your medical history is substantial. As it relates to someone with health complications, this can minimize the risk of misdiagnosis or allergic reaction. Deuteronomy 15: 7-8 says, â€Å"If there be among you a poor man of one of thy bretheren within any of thy gates in thy land which the Lord thy God giveth thee, thou shalt not harden thine heart, nor shut thine hand from thy poor brother: But thou shalt open thine hand wide unto him, and shalt surely lend him sufficient for his need, in that which he wanteth† (KJV). As Obamacare seems to favor those who are less fortunate or helps those who need healthcare, there is a need to support this agenda. No one should go without health insurance and there are an alarming number of citizens without it today. References Conn, J. (2013). HER systems pose serious concerns, reports says. Modern Healthcare. Retrieved from www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20130624/NEWS/306249952. King, J., Patel, V., & Furukawa, M.F. (2012). Physician adoption of electronic health record technology to meet meaningful use objectives: 2009-2012. ONC Data Brief. Retrieved from www.healthit.gov/sites/default/files/onc-data-brief-7-december-2012.pdf Nordqvist, C. (2012). Electronic health records linked to much better quality care. Medical News Today. Retrieved from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/251633.php.

Icici marketing stategy Essays

Icici marketing stategy Essays Icici marketing stategy Essay Icici marketing stategy Essay It pays special attention to customers needs and has a separate department named Product development department, which studies the market on a continuous basis and then analyze the competitive landscape. It constantly practices product innovation, for example, in order to meet the needs and wants of deferent customers, they have variants in many basic products like saving bank account. Further, it also indulges in product augmentation I. E. Defining the bank product with some extra benefits and features. They have adopted modernized by basing all its operations on technology. Some of the breakthrough Annihilates taken by ICC bank are: l) xx electronic branch which are one stop shop for all banking transactions and reaming operative 24 hours a day. II) Tab banking that allows customer to access their bank account at their own convenience through their tablets. Iii) Mediation Mobile App for Gnarls that allows then to track tier money transfer to India anytime, anywhere. Iv) My savings reward aerogram which allows customer to accumulate points on their ICC payback card and then redeem those points for exciting gifts from Icicles partners. ICC have followed various pricing strategies in order to attract customers and gain a major share of market. It has followed penetrative market strategy, gaining profit through volume, being the price leader in the retail banking sector. The distribution system of ICC is one of the best in the industry. Rather than waiting for the customer to come to them, they believe In reaching out to the customer. For this season, they have Introduced the concept of Direct Selling Agents (Adds) and Direct selling Teams (Dots). Apart from the sales agents, It also tries to reach out to Its customers through mobile, Tams and various online platforms on internet. The promotion strategy of ICC has been divided into two parts: I) Corporate branding focusing on the organization as a whole I) Product branding focusing on specific products of the organization The promotion of the bank is generally done through print media. Various other promotional tools Like billboards, signboards, kiosks at existential and commercial complexes, promotional material at the channel partners outlet.

The Lost Chinatown

The Lost Chinatown Free Online Research Papers â€Å"Welcome! Please come in!† piped the recorded voice as we went in a store. Those were the first few words I heard when I went to Chinatown, (Manila) a few days ago with my friends. As we strolled along the streets of the bustling little Chinese town, I was filled with mixed emotions. On one hand, I was feeling a bit nostalgic. The sight of the old buildings and restaurants, the distinct smell of incense and Chinese medicine, the old and revered Binondo church, the noisy street vendors and the colorful calesas, brought back memories of my first home. On the other hand, I was feeling uneasy seeing all the changes that had taken place in the past ten years. I felt that the addition of foreign shops, construction of new and modern buildings, the commercialization of restaurants and stores have changed more than just the appearance of Chinatown. Something was missing in today’s Chinatown. In the past, Chinatown was the core of the Chinese business enterprises. It used to be a landmark, the main source of China’s best goods. Anyone strolling around the streets of Chinatown would undoubtedly have a genuine Chinese experience. Everything was practically Chinese- the people, the food, the traditions, the architecture, the music, and the festivities. The Chinese have long strove to keep the richness of their culture intact. Since then, Chinatown has constantly changed. Through the years, it has continually kept pace with the waves of technology. In fact, the Chinatown I lived in was already a far cry from what it used to be. Yet, visiting my hometown ten years later, well- indeed a lot has changed. Perhaps if you would compare a sketch of Chinatown ten years ago and one of today, you would notice that the main difference would be the addition of electronic stores, beauty shops, spas, foreign restaurants and cafes. In fact, my friends and I agreed to meet in Starbucks for this trip! I tell you, years before; there was little chance of finding a restaurant serving a different cuisine other than Chinese in Chinatown, much less a foreign cafà ©! The additions of the foreign stores are not the only things that have changed the solely Chinese territory at Chinatown, but also several structural and technological improvements. A day’s activities in Chinatown ten years ago would be characterized by a ride in a calesa, a trip to the wet Aranque Market, a visit to the Chinese medicine stores and a taste of their exotic medicines, lunch in a quaint Chinese restaurant with the owner’s family themselves serving you, a stroll along the bridges across the dirty Pasig River, a stop to buy fruits from the street vendors, a sip of the yummy sugarcane juice, a friendly chat with familiar faces you would meet along the road, and perhaps for a young lass like me, a day full of games that would include the jump rope and the jackstones with my neighbors in the wide hallways of our buildings. A day in today’s Chinatown could start with coffee at Starbucks, a stroll along the newly renovated Plaza San Lorenzo Ruiz, a stop at the Eng Bee Tin store which sells the uniquely flavored hopias in nice, printed packages for pasalubong (gifts) for your workmates, perhaps lunch with your friends at a well-known, commercialized restaurant with Filipino waitresses dressed with traditional Chinese outfits serving you, a sip of one of those modern Chinese energy drinks, a ride in your BMW to the nearby supermarket to buy fruits and food for your family who live in a fancy new condominium with narrow hallways and unknown neighbors, a stop in the Globe Business Center, and perhaps, for the youth of today, a day full of computer games in the internet stations scattered throughout Chinatown. I have also noticed that because of modernization movement, some things are becoming obsolete- or should I say, â€Å"antique†. Such as, the calesa. I vividly remember my childhood years when my only means of transportation to school was the calesa: thewooden, colorful and sometimes rickety, carriage-pulled-by-the-horse. My yaya (Nanny)would bargain with the kutsero (driver)for the fare to be lowered. She would shout, â€Å"Bente nalang po (Could we pay twenty pesos instead?)† Some kutseros would stubbornly refuse the twenty peso fare. My yaya would persist. He would refuse. My yaya would persist. He would refuse. And the cycle would go on and on, every day of my school life. And I just smiled when I saw my friend Sheena persisting for a ride in a calesa. Today, only the wowed tourists ride them. With fares set at a very high price, and designated roads where the calesas cannot pass, people have opted to use cars and other â€Å"practical† means of transportation . Even so, calesas have contributed to the unique identity of Chinatown and therefore should not be simply put aside. Globalization has also brought a revolution in this part of the Manila. I remember years ago people from all over Metro Manila and perhaps other parts of the country would go and visit Chinatown to buy Chinese goods. Chinatown used to be the best source for Chinese goods - the best hopia, the best dimsum, the best congee- you name it, they have it, and they have the best in town. Also, Chinatown was the only source for authentic Chinese paraphernalia: costumes, luck charms, medicine, etc. But today, due to the increase in demand for Chinese goods, shops had to open branches in different parts of the city and the country. In short, there was. But, as a result of this expansion, Chinese shops are no longer unique to Chinatown. Those delectable goods can be bought anywhere now, and sometimes, even at a cheaper price. I recall the â€Å"dragonfruit expedition† that my friends and I had in our visit to Chinatown. It was the first time for some of my friends to see that fruit, and everybody wanted to taste something â€Å"unique† to Chinatown. But after bargaining with several fruit vendors, we still found it expensive, and concluded that it can be bought nowadays in supermarkets, so why bother? My friend Sheena asked me a while later, â€Å"So what else is here? What’s the specialty of Chinatown? Something that’s really different that we could experience?† I found that question difficult to answer. Practically nothing is completely unique to Chinatown anymore, including food. Chinese restaurants are scattered all around the city and I cannot deny that I have appreciated a lot of them. Authentic Chinese furniture, clothes and other imported products can be found everywhere. I could point out some distinct characteristics that Chinatown possess, but I cannot really name a unique quality anymore. I cannot deny that the commercialization, modernization and globalization of Chinatown have brought good. The improvements have been and are serving their purposes. In fact, the enhancements in this town have increased its charm to lure more tourists, and perhaps, have made the lives of the people living there easier. Chinese goods are now easily accessed by people living outside Chinatown. However, I sincerely regret that, for the sake of keeping up with the times, the changes have led to the dilution of the authenticity and the uniqueness of Chinatown. The essence of Chinatown, that special C-factor which keeps Chinatown authentic and unique, is now lost. What has kept the Chinatown authentic and unique throughout the years is its constant and strict following of its traditions. In today’s Chinatown, a great deal of these traditions have either been disregarded or compromised to give way to modern technology. It has long been the practice of the Chinese to keep themselves exclusively Chinese. With the influx of foreign restaurants and cafà ©s, the essence of keeping Chinatown solely Chinese as its name suggests, is slowly diminished. The commercialization of buildings and other structures in Chinatown has changed the atmosphere in the relationships of the people living there. The narrow hallways and stiff, condo-type designs give an air of professionalism and discourage familiarity among neighbors. Thus the Chinese ideology of close ties has been disregarded. Chinese businessmen nowadays have adopted Western ways of doing business; thus, losing the traditional, personal way of the Chinese. It has long been a tradition among th e Chinese that the whole family would contribute in the family business. In a restaurant, the father cooks, the mother serves the customers, the children wash the dishes, etc. Nowadays, children are exposed to several Western ideas and do not see the significance of this anymore. And, in the age of expansion and commercialization, hired help replace the family in service. â€Å"Thank you! Please come again!† piped the electronic recorded voice as we left Eng Bee Tin store, after buying some pasalubongs (gifts)for our families. Again, these technological improvements are not wrong. They serve their purpose and make people’s lives easier. But, let us not disregard the values of the past generations because they are essential in keeping the identity of Chinatown unique from any other place in the country. Instead, let us use technology to our advantage. That way, we could have both, technology and the preservation of the culture. Let’s keep that special C-Factor, so Chinatown would stay authentic and unique, the way it was before, the way it was known to be. So that anyone in the future, strolling along the streets of the little Chinese town, would have the benefit of a true Chinese experience. Research Papers on The Lost ChinatownWhere Wild and West MeetTwilight of the UAWThe Spring and Autumn19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationDefinition of Export QuotasMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyBringing Democracy to AfricaHip-Hop is Art

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Cooling Load Calculation Procedure Engineering Essay The total amount of heat energy that must be removed from a system by a cooling mechanism in a unit time, equal to the rate at which heat is generated by people, machinery, and processes, plus the net flow of heat into the system not associated with the cooling machinery. [1] The sensible and latent heat transfer between the space air and the surroundings can be classified as follows: 1. Space heat gain qe, in Btu/h (W), represents the rate at which heat enters a conditioned space from an external source or is released to the space from an internal source during a given time interval. 2. Space cooling load, often simply called the cooling load Qrc, Btu /h (W), is the rate at which heat must be removed from a conditioned space so as to maintain a constant temperature and acceptable relative humidity. The sensible cooling load is equal to the sum of the convective heat transfer from the surfaces of the building envelope, furnishings, occupants, appliances, and equipment. 4. Space heat extraction rate Qex, Btu /h (W), is the rate at which heat is actually removed from the conditioned space by the air system. The sensible heat extraction rate is equal to the sensible cooling load only when the space air temperature remains constant. 5. Coil load Qc, Btu /h (W), is the rate of heat transfer at the coil. The cooling coil load Qcc, Btu/h (W), is the rate at which heat is removed by the chilled water flowing through the coil or is absorbed by the refrigerant inside the coil. Cooling load usually can be classified into two categories: external and internal. External Cooling Loads[1] These loads are formed because of heat gains in the conditioned space from external sources through the building envelope or building shell and the partition walls. Sources of external loads include the following cooling loads: 1. Heat gain entering from the exterior walls and roofs 2. Solar heat gain transmitted through the fenestrations 3. Conductive heat gain coming through the fenestrations 4. Heat gain entering from the partition walls and interior doors 5. Infiltration of outdoor air into the conditioned space Internal Cooling Loads[1] These loads are formed by the release of sensible and latent heat from the heat sources inside the conditioned space. These sources contribute internal cooling loads: 1. People 2. Electric lights 3. Equipment and appliances For [1-1] [1] see the section of references CHAPTER 2 COOLING LOAD CALCULATION PROCEDURE [2]The estimation of cooling load for a space involves calculating a surface by surface conductive, convective, and radiative heat balance for each room surface and a convective heat balance for the room air. Based on the same underlying principles, the following methods have been developed for calculating the cooling load. Cooling Load by Transfer Function Method (TFM). Total Equivalent Temperature Difference (TETD) method. Cooling Load Temperature Difference (CLTD) method. Transfer Function Method (TFM)[1] The transfer function method or weighting factor method is a simplification of the laborious heat balance method. The wide application of the TFM is due to the user-friendliness of the inputs and outputs of the TFM software and the saving of computing time. In the transfer function method, interior surface temperatures and the space cooling load were first calculated by the exact heat balance method for many representative constructions. The transfer function coefficients (weighting factors) were then calculated which convert the heat gains to cooling loads. Sometimes, transfer function coefficients were also developed through test and experiments. Calculation Procedure The calculation of space cooling load using the transfer function method consists of two steps. First, heat gains or heat loss from exterior walls, roofs, and floors is calculated using response factors or conduction transfer function coefficients; and the solar and internal heat gains are calculated directly for the scheduled hour. Second, room transfer function coefficients or room weighting factors are used to convert the heat gains to cooling loads, or the heat losses to heating loads. As described in Sec. 6.2, the sensible infiltration heat gain is the instantaneous sensible cooling load. All latent heat gains are instantaneous latent cooling loads. The TFM is limited because the cooling loads thus calculated depend on the value of transfer function coefficients as well as the characteristics of the space and how they are varied from those used to generate the transfer function coefficients. In addition, TFM assumed that the total cooling load can be calculated by simply adding the individual components-the superposition principle. However, this assumption can cause some errors. Total Equivalent Temperature Difference (TETD) Method[1] In the total equivalent temperature difference (TETD)/time-averaging (TA) method, heat gains of a number of representative exterior wall and roof assemblies are calculated. The internal heat gains and conductive heat gain are calculated in the same manner as in the TFM. The radiant fraction of each of the sensible heat gains is then allocated to a period including the current and successive hours, a total of 1 to 3 h for light construction and 6 to 8 h for heavy construction. The TETD/ TA method is also a member of the TFM family and is developed primarily for manual calculation. TETD/TA is simpler in the conversion of heat gains to cooling loads. However, the time-averaging calculation procedure is subjective-it is more an art than a rigorous scientific method. Also the TETD/TA method inherits the limitations that a TFM possesses if the TFM is used to calculate the TETD. Cooling Load Temperature Difference (CLTD) Method [2] CLTD is the method we used to calculate the cooling load of the project we were assigned. The CLTD method accounts for the thermal response in the heat transfer through the wall or roof, as well as the response due to radiation of part of the energy from the interior surface of the wall to objects and surfaces within the space. The CLTD method makes use of (a) the temperature difference in the case of walls and the roofs and (b) the cooling load factors (CLF) in the case of solar heat gain through windows and internal heat sources, i.e , Q = U x A x CLTDC Where Q is the net room conduction heat gain through roof, wall or glass (W) A is the area of the roof , wall or glass (m2) U is the overall heat transfer co efficient (kW/m2.K) CLTDC is the cooling load temperature difference (oC) For [1] [2] see the section of references CHAPTER 3 CALCULATING COOLING LOADS USING CLTD Outdoor Design Conditions[2] ASHRAE Table A 2, F1980, provides the outdoor design conditions for various locations in many countries including India, Malaysia and Singapore. The summer design column lists hourly temperature which is exceeded by 1%, 2.5 % and 5% of all the hours in the year. Selection of Indoor Conditions[2] In private homes, the indoor conditions may be chosen by the owner. But in public premisis, various codes and regulations and ordinances dictate the limits of the specific indoor design conditions. For some critical occupancy, such as, hospitals, nursing homes, computer rooms, clean rooms, etc. specific indoor design conditions will usually be established by the regulating authorities or the owners. Transmission gains[2] Heat transfer through the different components of the building envelop occurs primarily the process of conduction and convection and is generally referred to as transmission load. Transmission heat transfer is given by the following equation: Q = = (U) (A) (TD) Where, Q is the heat transfer rate (W) Rt is the sum of the individual thermal resistances (m2.oC/W) A is the surface area perpendicular to heat flux (m2) TD is the design temperature difference between indoors and outdoors U = 1/Rt is the overall heat transfer co efficient (W/m2.oC) With, Rt = R1 + R2 +  ¼ + Rm for resistance in series. The values of thermal resistances are provided for specific thickness for typical building materials usually designated by U. For materials that vary in thickness according to the application, specific conductivity k is listed in terms of unit thickness. The relation between the two is R = Where k is the coefficient of thermal conductivity (W/m.K) L is the length of the conduction path (m). CLTD/CLF calculation[2] To account for the temperature and the solar variations, the concept of cooling load temperature difference (CLTD) is introduced. The CLTD is a steady state representation of the complex heat transfer involving actual temperature difference between indoors and outdoors, mass and solar radiation by the building materials, and the time of day. The following relation makes corrections in the CLTDs for walls and roofs for deviations in design and solar conditions are as follows: CLTDc = [(CLTD + LM)k + (25.5 Tr) + (To 29.4)] f Where CLTDc is the corrected value of CLTD. LM is the colour adjustment for light coloured roof. Tr is the design room temeperature To is average outdoor temperature, computed as the design temperature less half the daily range. f is attic fan factor Solar heat gain[2] When solar rays impinge on a glass surface, some of the radiation is reflected back outside before penetrating the glass. Of that radiation which is not reflected, some is transmitted through the glass and some is absorbed by the glass. The remaining radiation is refracted slightly and goes on to heat the contents of the room. If there is external shading, such as with blinds or drapes or shades, a portion of t radiation entering the room is confined to the area immediately adjacent to the window and has a diminished effect on the conditioning of the room. All of these effects are accounted for to some degree by the following relation for calculation of cooling loads due to solar radiation: QSHG = A(SC)(SHGF)(CLF) Where QSHG is the solar radiation cooling load (W) A is the open glass area (m2) SC is the shading co efficient for various types of glasses and shadings SHGF is the maximum solar heat gain factor for specific orientation of surface, latitude and month (W/m2) CLF is the cooling load factor, dimensionless. Internal Loads[2] Lighting is often is the major space cooling load component. The rate of heat gain at any instant, however, is not the same as the heat equivalent of power supplied instantaneously to these lights. Only part of the energy from lights is transferred to the room air by convection, and thus becomes the cooling load. The remaining portion is the radiant heat that affects the conditioned space only after having been absorbed by walls, floor, furniture, upholstery, etc. and released after a time lag. The cooling load imposed by these sources is given by Q appliances= P(CLF) Where Q appliances is the cooling load due to equipment of appliances (W) P is the input operating power rating of the appliance or equipment (W) CLF is the cooling load factor (dimensionless) depending on operating hours, room construction, and air circulation. Occupancy[2] The people who occupy the building give off thermal energy continuously, the rate of which depend on the level and type of activity in which they are engaged. For the sensible portion of the heat released, a cooling load factor similar the one applied to lights and appliances has been developed to account for the lag in time between occupancy and the observed cooling load. The sensible cooling load due to people is therefore, QS = (N)(GS)(CLFS) Where QS is the sensible cooling load due to occupants (W) N is the number of occupants GS is the sensible heat gain depending on activity and time for entry (W) CLFS is the cooling load factor (dimensionless) for people. The latent heat gain from occupants is found by Ql = (N)(Gl) Where Ql is the latent heat gain N is the number of occupants Gl is the latent heat gains from occupants depending on activity and time from entry Ventilation/Infiltration[2] Heat gain from ventilation and infiltration needs to be considered in the cooling load calculations. General Design Guidelines[2] The general procedure required to calculate the space cooling load is as follows: Building configuration an characteristics: Determine the building location, orientation and external shading, building materials, external surface colour and shape. These details are usually obtained from building plans and specifications. Outdoor design conditions: Obtain the outdoor weather data for the building location and select the outdoor design conditions. Indoor design conditions: Specify temperature, humidity, air velocity, etc. Operating schedules: obtain a schedule of lighting, occupancy, internal equipment, appliances and processes generating heat load. Date and time: Select the time of the day and month to estimate the cooling load. Several different times of the day and several different months need to be analyzed to determine the peak load time. The particular day and month are often dictated by peak solar conditions. For [2] see the section of references CHAPTER 4 DATA FOR THE MAIN MOSQUE Mosque 1st Floor Figure 4.1 First floor Figure 4.2 Window type 1 (WT1) Figure 4.3 Window type 2 (WT2) Figure 4.4 Doors 1 (D1) 4.2 Mosque Ground Floor Figure 4.5 Ground floor Figure 4.6 Window Type 3 (WT3) Figure 4.7 Window Type 4 (WT4) Figure 4.8 Door 2 (D2) General Information Latitude 32ËÅ ¡, Longitude 72ËÅ ¡ [7] Main Mosque, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Walls 33cm brick, 1.5 cm cement on both sides Roof 15 cm concrete Construction Cream color paint on both sides Glass 0.5cm black shaded Lighting 1 76 tubes each 18W, 8hrs per day Lighting 2 4 tubes each 40W, 8hrs per day Occupancy 300 people moderately active Ceiling fan 18 ceiling fans each 75 W, 8hrs per day Bracket fan 9 bracket fans, each 40W, operating 8hrs per day Ventilation 7.5 x 300 = 2200 liters/sec Note: Suspended ceiling was broken therefore; we considered it as the refrigerating space. U Value Calculation Roof Components L/k m/(W/m.K) R W/m2.K Reference Table Table title Outside air 0.044 Table A6 Surface conductance (W/m2.oC) and resistance (m2.oC/W) for air Concrete 10cm 0.15/0.51 0.294 [3] Inner air 0.160 Table A6 Surface conductance (W/m2.oC) and resistance (m2.oC/W) for air Total 0.498 U = 1/R = 1/0.498 = 2.01 Wall Component L/k m/(W/m.K) R W/m2.K Reference Table Table title Outer air 0.044 Table A6 Surface conductance (W/m2.oC) and resistance (m2.oC/W) for air Brick 0.33/0.32 1.0315 Table A7 Typical thermal properties of common building and insulating materials Cement 20.015/0.72 0.0417 Table A7 Typical thermal properties of common building and insulating materials Inside air film 0.120 Table A6 Surface conductance (W/m2.oC) and resistance (m2.oC/W) for air Total 1.237 U = 1/R = 1/1.237 = 0.808 For [3] see references Glass Component L/k m/(W/m.K) R W/m2.K Reference Table Table title Glass material 0.005/0.05 0.1 Table A7 Typical thermal properties of common building and insulating materials Outer air 0.044 Table A6 Surface conductance (W/m2.oC) and resistance (m2.oC/W) for air Inner air 0.12 Table A6 Surface conductance (W/m2.oC) and resistance (m2.oC/W) for air Total 0.264 U =1/R = 1/0.264 = 3.79 Description of appliances Items Ground floor (Qty) First Floor (Qty) Ceiling fans 12 6 Tube lights 76 (small) 4 (large) Wall fan 9 Area Calculations Eastern Wall Areas Wall area 108.11514 m2 Door area 26.3 m2 Windows area 12.76 m2 Actual wall area 69.055 m2 Actual glass area 30.4 m2 Note: The area for aluminum in the windows is not accounted for. 4.6.2 Western Wall Areas Wall area 88.4816 m2 Windows area 6.583 m2 Actual wall area 81.899 m2 Actual glass 6.003 m2 Note: The area for aluminum in the windows is not accounted for. 4.6.3 Northern Wall Areas Wall area 52.45 m2 Windows area 12.61 m2 Actual wall area 39.84 m2 Actual glass area 11.62 m2 Note: The area for aluminum in the windows is not accounted for. 4.6.4 Southern Wall Areas Wall area 52.45 m2 Windows area 6.58 m2 Door area 1.86 m2 Actual wall area 44.01 m2 Actual glass area 7.58 m2 Note: The area for aluminum in the windows is not accounted for. 4.6.5 Roof Areas Total roof area m2 4.7 CLTD Correction Calculation To = 47 16/2 = 39 To is the average outside temperature on design day equal to our design temperature minus half of daily temperature range. Exposure CLTD LM[4] K[5] 25.5 Tr To 29.4 F[6] CLTDc North 7 0.5 0.5 25.5 25.5 39 29.4 1 13.35 East 15 0 0.5 25.5 25.5 39 29.4 1 17.1 South 11 -2.2 0.5 25.5 25.5 39 29.4 1 14 West 11 0 0.5 25.5 25.5 39 29.4 1 15.1 Roof 36 1.1 0.5 25.5 25.5 39 29.4 1 27.05 For [4], [5] [6] see references. CHAPTER 5 COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS FOR THE MAIN MOSQUE Building Main mosque Location EME College, RWP Month June Day 22 Time 0200hrs Psychrometric analysis Item Tdb Twb RH Enthalpy (h) Sp. Humidity (w) Outside 47 41 70% 183.87 0.0528 Inside 25.5 17.82 50% 57.35 0.012 Difference 21.5 23.18 20% 126.52 0.041 Daily range = 16 Transmission Load Item Description Area(m2) U factor CLTDc (oC) Qtransmission(W) Walls North 39.84 0.808 13.35 429.75 South 44.01 0.808 14 497.8 East 69.005 0.808 17.1 953.4 West 81.899 0.808 15.1 999.2 Roof 194.15 2.01 27.05 10556.03 Glass North 11.62 3.79 20.1 885.2 South 7.58 3.79 20.1 577.44 East 30.4 3.79 20.1 2315.84 West 6.008 3.79 20.1 457.3 Total transmission cooling load (W) 17671.89 Solar Radiation Description Area(m2) SC SHGF CLF QSHG North 0 South 7.58 0.94 189 0.36 484.8 East 0 West 6.003 0.94 695 0.55 2228.6 Total solar radiation gain cooling (W) 2713.4 Internal loads Item Input (W) CLF Qappliance Lights 1528 0.08 122.2 Appliances 1710 1 1710 Total internal gain cooling (W) 1832.24 Occupancy Number SHG/LHG CLF Ql Qs Sensible 300 75 0.49 11025 Latent 300 55 1 16500 Total Occupancy gains, Qoccupancy (W) 27525 Ventilation/Infiltration m3/s CFM ΆT/Άw Ql Qs Sensible 2.2 1.23 ΆT=21.5 58.18 Latent 2.2 3010 Άw=.041 7180 Total Infiltration / Ventilation load (W) 7238.2 Grand total cooling loads Ql Qs Total latent load (W) 23680 Total sensible load (W) 33300.61 Total load (kW) 56.98 Tons of refrigeration 16.3 CHAPTER 6 RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Results Following the CLTD method we calculated cooling load to be 16.3 Tons. In which main contribution was from people present in the mosque (almost half the contribution) and heat conduction through walls and windows glass. The contribution from each mode is shown in fig 6.1. Fig 6.1 Contribution from each mode of heat transfer in cooling load Recommendations Use 6 ACs each of 2.5 Ton and one of 1.5 ton, we will need all the ACs switched ON during Jumma prayers only. On normal days we will switch ON 3 or 4 ACs depending on the number of occupants. As the number of occupants decreases the required cooling load also decreases. For different values of occupants required cooling load has been calculated and shown in the fig 6.2. Fig 6.2 Relation between number of occupants and cooling load Normally 30 people are present in the mosque at prayer times so we need only 9.2 tons of refrigeration. 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