Pathway and Attribution Exercise

Dialectic Behavior Therapy Paper Essay

This paper will survey the article: â€Å"Mechanisms of progress in persuasive conduct treatment: Theoretical and experimental observations.† This paper will sum up the hypothetical and exact perceptions that show why DBT is fruitful in treating customers with marginal character issue. This paper will talk about the particular parts of how persuasive conduct treatment is utilized. Persuasive conduct treatment is the suggested treatment for customers determined to have marginal character issue dependent on a few proof based effective investigations. These investigations found that rationalistic conduct treatment has diminished customer melancholy and unsafe conduct by consolidating acknowledgment and change procedures. There advisor hopes to change a customers conduct by providing the customer with a speculation for their concern. Customers with argumentative conduct treatment it could be said learned poor adapting strategies in light of not realizing how to control their feelings. It is an objective of persuasive conduct treatment to diminish the client’s enthusiastic dysregulation by helping the customer figure out how to control their feelings and changing their practices (Lynch and Chapman, 2006). The way of thinking behind argumentative conduct treatment is that you should take a gander at the entire customer framework to make sense of the client’s reality on the grounds that each piece of the client’s framework is interrelated. Every part of a client’s life can influence their feelings and practices. Rationalistic conduct treatment depends on a biosocial hypothesis that takes a gander at the client’s youth condition that could have driven them to be enthusiastic helpless as a youngster causing passionate dysregulation as a grown-up. A client’s inward character as an offspring of being genuinely delicate was invalidated by grown-ups in their life through rebuffing the youngster in types of oppressive practices. Growing up these clients’ are in a criticism circle cause there enthusiastic dysregulation to proceed (Lynch and Chapman, 2006). It is significant for the specialist to make a domain where the client’s sentiments are approved. Advisors assist customers with being aware of their present feelings without attempting to transform it. Customers figure out how to be aware of their convictions, their rationale and what feelings are genuine to them in that current second. During treatment the specialist causes the customer figure out how to impart what i s genuinely experienced by the customer and for the customer to be cognizant mindful of what to do. The customer discovers that they have authority over how they process the circumstance. The customer at that point applies sane contemplations and enthusiastic guideline to the circumstance to accomplish a feeling of concordance. The customer at that point learns not to fall back on past criticism circles. The customer is urged to understanding and acknowledge their feeling completely with no endeavors to manage it. Customers along these lines figure out how to stop the example of attempting to control their effect (Lynch and Chapman, 2006). Being careful can stop criticism circles and change how a customer reacts to an enthusiastic circumstance. Specialists assist customers with distinguishing and challenge their conviction frameworks that centers around a standard where individuals must act a specific way when confronted with certain occasion. Customers are educated in logic social treatment to concentrate on what's going on rather than how the circumstance causes them to feel. It is significant for specialist to approve clients’ sentiments and endeavors toward s change. Approval permits customer to expand their self-assurance in their capacity to self-control. This unlimited positive respect by the specialist assists customers with figuring out how their history has influenced their present conduct through passionate dysregulation and why useless standards of conduct are keeping them from having solid connections. The specialist at that point prepares the customer in solid relationship aptitudes and strengthens the clients’ utilization of the new abilities (Lynch and Chapman, 2006). This paper assessed the article: â€Å"Mechanisms of progress in persuasive conduct treatment: Theoretical and experimental observations.† This paper summed up the hypothetical and exact perceptions that show why DBT is fruitful in treating customers with marginal character issue. This paper talked about the particular parts of how argumentative conduct treatment is utilized. References Lynch, T., Chapman, A. et al (2006). Instruments of progress in argumentative conduct treatment: Theoretical and experimental perceptions. Diary of Clinical Psychology, 62(4), 459-480. http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19901233&loginpage=Login.asp&site=ehost-live&scope=site

Losing Weight Gained From Medications

Losing Weight Gained From Medications Bipolar Disorder Treatment Medications Print Losing Weight Gained From Psychotropic Medications By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on December 03, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD on December 03, 2019 Hero Images / Getty Images More in Bipolar Disorder Treatment Medications Symptoms Diagnosis One of the common challenges faced by people with mood disorders is weight gain from their medicationsâ€"Over 50% of people who take certain newer antipsychotic medications may experience weight gain as a side effect. This weight gain is believed to be caused by an increased appetite for foods high in carbohydrates and fat as well as these medications impact on metabolism. In addition to being physically dangerous, extra weight can be a stumbling block to good mental health if it affects your self-esteem and comfort in your own body. To make matters worse, weight loss while still taking the medications that caused the initial gain can be notoriously difficult. But there is hope. Medications That May Cause Weight Gain Many medications used in the treatment of mood disorders list weight gain as a potential side effect, including: Seroquel (quetiapine)Risperdal (risperidone)Clozaril (clozapine)Zyprexa (olanzapine)Remeron (mirtazapine)Paxil (paroxetine)Lithobid (lithium)Depakene (valproic acid)Depakote (divalproex sodium)Tegretol and Equetro (carbamazepine) Researchers Try to Tackle Medication-Induced Weight Gain A presentation by Dr. Rohan Ganguli and Nurse Practitioner Betty Vreeland, related to their 2007 article published in The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry,?? focused on the issue of weight gain and medications. Dr. Ganguli began by saying he had treated many psychiatric patients for years without really thinking about their weight. Then a colleague did a survey that found that of their patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, less than 20% were in the normal weight range, and 60% were considered obese. Dr. Rohan Ganguli said that, unfortunately, it has been assumed that people with schizophrenia are socially unaware and that, unlike the rest of us, [their weight] really does not matter to them. Yet when they asked these patients how they felt about their weight, a majority of the overweight and obese patients said they wanted and had tried to lose weight. Dr. Ganguli and his fellows developed a program that clinicians could easily provide to their patients. It involved 14 weeks of group sessions with training in areas including developing healthy eating habits, burning more calories, and changing snacking habits. Self-monitoring in the form of daily weighing and food and exercise logs was key. The Results The results after the 14-week program were very encouraging: Two-thirds of patients lost at least 3% of body weight and around 40% of participants lost 5% of their body weight or more.?? In addition to promoting key lifestyle changes in a supportive, collaborative environment, the program also focused on counteracting common thoughts, such as those surrounding the concept of wasting food. A key part of the programs strategy was teaching people that it was OK not to eat the entire meal. Research on Preventing Weight Gain Finally, they tested the program with patients who were just starting on some of the medications that are known to cause weight gain, including Seroquel (quetiapine), Risperdal (risperidone), Clozaril (clozapine), and Zyprexa (olanzapine). In all cases, intervention prevented weight gain in more patients than in the control group, although the success rate depended on the medication. In this small study, the most dramatic difference was with Seroquel, where more than 60% of the control group gained significant weight, compared to only 10% of those in the intervention group who gained. Lifestyle Barriers and Interventions A unique set of challenges exists for those with psychiatric disorders that might not in other populations, including the metabolic effects of their medications, impact of symptoms on motivation, poor dietary habits, and high rates of sedentary behavior. For example, Ganguli and his team found that many people with schizophrenia eat at fast food restaurants because these are inexpensive and convenient, but these meals are often high in calories and low in nutritional value. Chronic poverty can also be a factor for those with mental illness, which affects quality of life, self-esteem, and the ability to pursue leisure activities such as participating in exercise. A meta-analysis of 17 studies and nearly 2,000 participants looked at successful lifestyle interventions for those living with serious mental illness.?? The study found that programs of at least a years duration had more consistent outcomes. Some of these interventions included physical activity, nutritional advice, behavioral programs, and access to free fruits and vegetables. Successful outcomes included improved blood pressure, weight loss, BMI reduction, smaller waist circumference, and lower cholesterol. The Message Mental health practitioners of all kinds owe it to their patients to compassionately address the problem of medication-induced weight gain and recognize that their patients do care. Ganguli and Vreelands work shows that while people living with mental health disorders face unique challenges, they are not only capable of making healthy lifestyle changes and losing weight but are often motivated with the right support. A doctor who instructs their patient to simply join Weight Watchers to combat weight gain may not realize that some people arent up for going to meetings when depressed and that some just arent group people. A therapy group with people who have gained weight because of their psychotropic medications might, on the other hand, be helpful. Itll be important for providers to take the time to individualize their approach. A Word From Verywell Losing weight while on psychotropic medications isnt fast or easy. Although it may be difficult, take encouragement from knowing there is solid research to show it  is  possible to lose weight and still take your medication. If youre concerned about weight gain caused by the medication you take, consult with your healthcare provider to develop a plan that will work for you. Tips for Fighting Medication-Induced Weight Gain

Colonialization And Religion Of Barbados - 1198 Words

Colonialization and Religion of Barbados In spite of being in the Atlantic Ocean, Barbados is known as one of the top tourist destinations in the Caribbean. Now a sovereign island country, it is an independent state and Commonwealth realm. Barbados still retains the Queen of England as its head of state, as it was once an English then later a British colony. Barbados had quickly grown to be the third major English Settlement in the Americas due to prime eastern location. It was the only island that did not change hands during the colonial period. The culture of Barbados was shaped by the syncretization of colonialism and imperialism by use of religion and cultural resistance. Pre-colonization, Barbados was a small island inhabited by Amerindian, American Indians, with settlement dates from the fourth and seventh centuries AD. Though there is some evidence to suggest that the island was settled in the second millennium BC, it is formally documented as first settled by a group kn own as the Saladoid-Barrancoid, from the mainland of South America. In the year 800, a second wave of migrants came to the island that the Spanish referred to as Arawaks. The last group to come to Barbados in the mid-13th century, called Caribs by the Spaniards, was more politically organized and came to rule over the others. The Spanish found a use for Barbados as a supplier of Indian slaves for their mines in Espanola (Schomburgk 254). In the early 16th century there was a massiveShow MoreRelatedNew Orleans : A Unique City With Its Own Unmistakable Culture964 Words   |  4 Pagesaspects such as living conditions, cultural norms, traditions, food, dance, music, and many other things. The European powers, specifically Britain, Spain and France, were huge contributors that helped shape these traditions, through settlement, colonialization, importing and exporting, as well as establishing government and structure. It connected Western Europe with the countries around the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean and even included culture from Africa. The three great super powers at the time

Lord Of The Flies As A Psychological Allegory - 1170 Words

Some speculate that the people who commit extremely appalling acts as adults were raised to commit these ghastly crimes, while others believe that everyone is born with an evil already inside of them. In William Golding’s psychological fiction Lord of the Flies, the idea of being born innately evil is recurrently alluded to. The novel is about a group of young British boys who crash land on a remote island. They are left with no laws to tell them what they can or cannot do, and are extremely frightened of a so called â€Å"Beast† that they expect lives on the island. In the Lord of the Flies, â€Å"The Beast† symbolizes the evil and devilish proclivity inside of all humans. Through the use of â€Å"The Beast†, William Golding illustrates how the novel is†¦show more content†¦Society and laws, however, have been put in place to keep this â€Å"Beast† hidden. Instead of being the sweet little British boys that the children were expected to be in the beginning of the novel, â€Å"the Beast† inside of these kids has shown not only their recklessness, but also their pure evil that has been kept sequestered. Not only is â€Å"The Beast† implanted in the children’s heads, but it is also something that they can never truly get rid of. Golding introduces this idea during a conversation between Simon and The Lord of the Flies: â€Å"‘Fancy thinking the Beast was something you could hunt and kill!’ said the head† (Golding 143). By claiming that â€Å"The Beast† is not something that the children can hunt and kill, Golding portrays his belief that the evil inside of all human beings cannot be exterminated. By portraying this belief, Golding once again relates to the concept of â€Å"The Beast† being the id. Being that the id is a part of a human’s subconscious mind, it would be impossible to completely get rid of it. However, throughout the text, Golding alludes to the fact that man’s evil is covered up by the rules and laws of society. This, in turn, causes the id to be covered up. One would never walk amongst others acting complet ely on emotion. This would progenerate a completely rampageous environment. Golding is suggesting that society’s rules eliminate any chance of this sort of environment. However, by stripping away society’s rules on the island, Golding isShow MoreRelatedLord of the Flies by William Golding1585 Words   |  7 Pages Lord of the Flies by William Golding is a fictional novel highlighting natural characteristics of man kind. The Book was created during the post World War II period. Before creating this novel, William had experience in the navy where he learned of the nature of mankind. The introduction of the book portrays a plane crash where a large group of boys are stranded on an island. 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In Golding’s psychological allegory The Lord of the Flies, Jack embodies the ID, someone who acts based on his/her own ba sic wants and needs, for the sake of establishing his theme:Read MoreFreudian Theory Into Lord Of The Flies1764 Words   |  8 Pages The psychological makeup of a person has a significant influence on the quality of their decisions and behaviors. Golding incorporates the theme of Freudian theory into Lord of the Flies to present a psychological meaning that explains the struggles associated within everyone. Various symbols justify the characters as specific parts of Freud’s analysis of the human personality. In Lord of the Flies, Golding establishes a psychological meaning through the use of symbolism to personify PiggyRead MoreTo What Extent Does a Marxist Reading of Lord of the Flies Lead to a Fuller Understanding of the Novel?1888 Words   |  8 PagesTo what extent does a Marxist reading of ‘Lord of the Flies’ lead to a fuller understanding of the novel? ‘Lord of the Flies’ is based almost entirely on Golding’s view that evil is an inherent force in every man, â€Å"man produces evil as a bee produces honey†. Golding acquired this belief while he was a soldier in the Second World War. From that point on, he became extremely pessimistic about human nature, calling it â€Å"the disease of being human†. This belief is shown very clearly, as he puts ‘innocent’Read MoreSymbolism in William Goldings Lord of the Flies1918 Words   |  8 PagesSymbolism in William Golding’s ‘Lord of the Flies’ Definition: A symbol is something that is itself as well as something else. 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This paper aims at using Swiss psychologist Carl Gustav Jung’s collective unconscious and archetypal theories to interpret the archetypes of characters, natural scenes and themes. Key words: symbolism, Lord of the Flies, collective unconscious, archetypal theory 0. Introduction Lord of the Flies is the masterpiece

Acid-Base Buffers Free Essays

CHEMICAL REACTIONS: ACID-BASE BUFFERS Short Overview Acids and bases represent two of the most common classes of compounds. Many studies have been done on these compounds, and their reactions are very important. Perhaps the most important reaction is the one in which an acid and base are combined, resulting in the formation of water (in aqueous solution) and a salt; this reaction is called neutralization. We will write a custom essay sample on Acid-Base Buffers or any similar topic only for you Order Now A buffer solution is a solution that contains both an acid and a salt containing the conjugate base anion in sufficient concentrations so as to maintain a relatively constant pH when either acid or base is added. In this experiment you will prepare a buffer solution and observe its behavior when mixed both with an acid and a base. You will also compare the behavior with that of solutions containing only the acid. Theory In his theory of ionization in the 1880’s, Svante Arrhenius defined acids are substances which form H+ and bases as substances which form OH- in water. He further defined a salt as a substance other than an acid or base which forms ions in aqueous solution. Such substances are thus capable of producing an electric current and are called electrolytes. The amount of electricity produced is directly proportional to the concentration of ions in solution. With regard to electrolytes we have learned previously that strong acids and strong bases ionize completely, and are therefore strong electrolytes because they produce a large electric current. Soluble salts are the other type of strong electrolytes. We also learned that weak acids and weak bases ionize only partially in solution, producing smaller quantities of current; these substances are called weak electrolytes. Materials which do not produce an electric current are called nonelectrolytes. To complete our understanding, we concluded that strong electrolytes exist primarily as ions in solution, while weak electrolytes exist as both ions and molecules in solution. Nonelectrolytes must exist as polar molecules only in solution. While it is useful, the Arrhenius definition of acids and bases is limited to aqueous solutions. This may seem insignificant to a student in introductory chemistry or general chemistry, but it imposes restrictions for understanding more advanced topics. As such, we now introduce two additional definitions of acids and bases, which expand our understanding. | |Acid | |Base | | | | | | | |Arrhenius | |forms H+ in water | |forms OH- in water | |Bronsted-Lowry | |donates H+ (proton) to base | |accepts H+ (proton) from acid | |Lewis | |accepts electron pair from base | |donates electron pair to acid | The Bronsted-Lowry concept of acids and bases was introduced by Johannes Bronsted and Thomas Lowry in 1923, and led to an understanding of many proton transfer reactions observed to occur in both non-aqueous and aqueous solutions. Gilbert Newton Lewis quickly recognized that a substance which is a proton acceptor must also be one which contains an unshared valence electron pair to accept the positive charge. He therefore proposed his own theory of acids and bases based upon electron transfer rather than proton transfer. The Lewis acid-base concept is the most general and allows us to understand reactions which may not involve proton transfer. However, the Bronsted-Lowry concept provides the simplest description of acid-base buffer solutions, and it is this one which we will utilize in further discussion. We will use the formula HA for an acid and B: for a base in our discussion. Accordingly, the reaction between an acid and base is described by [1]. HA + B: (:A- + BH+ [1] In the reaction above, the products which are produced are :A-. and BH+. :A- is called the conjugate base of HA because it has donated a proton (H+) to the base B: . Likewise, BH+ is the conjugate acid of B: since it has accepted the proton from HA. The substances HA and :A- are called a conjugate acid-base pair. Likewise, BH+ and B: are also a conjugate acid-base pair. Some common acid-base pairs are: H3O1+ / H2OH2O / OH1-HCl / Cl1- HNO3 / NO31-H2SO4 / HSO41-HSO41- / SO42- CH3COOH / CH3COO1-(acetate)NH41+ / NH3(ammonium) H2CO3 / HCO31-(bicarbonate)H2PO41- / HPO42- (phosphate) The first two pairs show that hydronium ion and hydroxide ion are the conjugate acid and base, respectively, of water. It is the relative concentration of these two ions that determine whether a solution is acidic ([H3O+] gt; [OH-]), basic ([H3O+] lt; [OH-]), or neutral ([H3O+] = [OH-]). To accomplish this, we measure the pH of the solution. A pH lt; 7 is acidic, pH gt;7 is alkaline (or basic), and pH = 7 is neutral. pH is defined by the equation pH = -log10 [H3O+]. An buffer solution must contain both a weak acid and a salt of its conjugate base. Since HCl, HNO3, and H2SO4 are all strong acids, these substances will ionize completely and their concentrations will be too insignificant to maintain constant pH values. On the other hand, a weak acid such as acetic acid, CH3COOH, only ionizes to a small extent, so the both the undissociated acid and its anion can exist in sufficient concentration in solution to maintain constant pH. When the acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer is prepared the following equilibrium is established. CH3COOH (aq) + H2O (l) ( H3O1+ + CH3COO1-[2] The equilibrium constant expression for the reaction is Ka = [pic]= 1. 75 x 10-5 . Therefore, pH = pKa + log10[pic]. [3] Equation [3] above is called the Henderson-Hasselbach equation. The equation shows that because the acetate/acetic acid ratio does not change significantly during most reactions, thus resulting in a relatively constant pH. When a strong base such as sodium hydroxide is added, the acetic acid in the buffer reacts with the hydroxide ion to produce additional acetate ion ([4]). When a strong acid such as HCl is added to the buffer, the acetate ion will react with the hydronium ion to produce additional acetic acid ([5]). CH3COOH (aq) + OH1- CH3COO1- + H2O (l)[4] CH3COO1- + + H3O1+ CH3COOH (aq) + H2O (l)[5] The predominant effect of the reactions is that the concentration of H3O+ and OH- do not increase or decrease significantly during the reactions. However, continued addition of NaOH will eventually consume all of the acetic acid present in the buffer, resulting in a sharp rise in pH. Likewise, addition of a large quantity of HCl will consume all of the acetate ion in the buffer, causing the pH to drop sharply. The amount of strong acid or strong base that can be added to a given volume of a buffer system without a significant change in pH (( 1 unit) is known as the buffering capacity. A buffer system such as CH3COOH / CH3COO1- is representative of an acidic buffer, because the molecular component is a weak acid. On the other hand, a basic buffer solution would contain the acid salt of a weak base in addition to the weak base itself. The NH41+ / NH3 buffer is an example of a basic buffer. Biological systems use buffers to maintain ambient physiological conditions. In this regard the bicarbonate and phosphate buffers listed earlier are the two most significant buffers of body fluids. (See the article â€Å"Chemistry and Life: Blood as a Buffered Solution† on page 669 of Chemistry: The Central Science, 9th Ed. , Brown, LeMay, Bursten. For more background information, you should review chapter 16 â€Å"Acid-Base Equilibria† in Chemistry: The Central Science, 9th Ed. , . Exercise 1. Examination of the Buffer Properties of a Diprotic Acid Salt, Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate [pic][pic] potassium hydrogen phthalatephthalate A. Chemicals and Apparatus Chemicals: Water Solids:potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHC8H4O4 , KHP, 204. 22 g/mole) Solutions: 0. 10 M HCl(aq) , 0. 10 M NaOH(aq) (from Acid-Base Titrations experiment), pH 7 buffer solutions Apparatus: Balances, beakers, burets, buret clamps, Erlenmeyer flasks, graduated cylinders, hot plate, pH meters, ring stands, volumetric pipets, pipet pumps, volumetric flasks Safety Equipment: goggles, gloves, hood. Objectives:In this experiment you will learn to: 1. prepare a 0. 10 M KHP solution from a solid and water 2. prepare a solution of the phthalate anion from 0. 10 M KHP and NaOH solutions 3. repare a buffer solution containing both the hydrogen phthalate and the phthalate ions 4. measure the pH of the buffer solution 5. measure the pH as HCl is added to the buffer solution 6. measure the pH as NaOH is added to the buffer solution 7. compare the buffer solution with both a strong acid and a weak acid B. Procedure Part I. Preparation of Solutions CAUTION: Use extreme caution while h andling the burets, volumetric pipets, and volumetric flasks. (Student 1) 1. Obtain 250 mL of distilled water in a 400-mL beaker from the DW tap at the sink between the two hoods on the side wall. Add 3 teflon boiling chips to the water, and boil the water for five minutes on a hot plate set on medium high. This will drive off dissolved CO2 from the water which may interfere with the experiment. Allow the water to cool to room temperature. 2. Obtain a pH meter from the instructor. Remove the rubber tip from the electrode and place the electrode in a beaker containing 10 mL of pH 7 buffer. Soak the electrode in the buffer solution for five minutes to condition the electrode. Discard the buffer in the sink. 3. Refer to the instructions for using the pH meter. Standardize the meter to pH 7. 00 using a fresh sample of pH 7 buffer. (Student 2) 4. Obtain the following items from the instructor: 1 100-mL volumetric flask, with stopper 2 burets, 2 buret clamps, and 2 ring stands 2 10-mL volumetric pipets, and pipet pumps Attach the buret clamp to the ring stand. 5. Clean the flask with soap and water, and rinse carefully with two 10-mL portions of distilled water. 6. Clean the burets with tap water, followed by two rinses with distilled water. Then place each buret in the buret clamp on the ring stand. Label one of the burets â€Å"NaOH† and the other one â€Å"HCl†. 7. Clean the pipets with tap water, followed by two rinses with distilled water. Label one pipetâ€Å"A† and the other â€Å"B†. 8. Pour 125 mL of 0. 10 M NaOH from the hood into a 250-mL beaker. Label the beaker. Record the concentration on line 16 of your lab report. 9. Pour 80 mL of 0. 10 M HCl from the hood into a 150-mL beaker. Label the beaker. 10. If it is open, close the stopcock on the â€Å"NaOH† buret. Use a funnel to pour approximately 10 mL of 0. 10 M NaOH into the buret. Remove the buret from the buret clamp and roll the buret in your hands to allow the NaOH to coat the inside of the buret. Discard the rinse into a 30-mL beaker through the stopcock. 11. Return the buret to the buret clamp and close the stopcock. Now fill the buret with 0. 10 M NaOH to one inch above the 0-mL mark. Open the stopcock to drain the buret to 0. 0 mL in the 30-mL beaker, thus removing any air bubbles in the buret tip. Discard the rinse into the sink. 12. Repeat steps 10 and 11 for the â€Å"HCl† buret, using 0. 0 M HCl instead of NaOH. The same 30-mL beaker can be used to collect the drain. (Student 1) Preparation of 0. 10 M KHP(aq) . 13. Using the electronic balance, obtain a sample of potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHC8H4O4, â€Å"KHP†) with a mass between 2. 0 g and 2. 1 g. Record the mass of the sample to three decimal places in your notebook. 14. Transfer the KHP sample to the 100-mL volumetric flask, and dissolve in approximately 40 mL of boiled distilled water. Then add boiled distilled water to the flask until the bottom of the meniscus is even with the mark on the neck of the flask. (Use an eyedropper from your desk to add the last few drops of water. ) 15. Stopper the flask, and turn it upside down three or four times to mix the solution totally. Transfer the KHP solution to a clean 250-mL beaker. Label the solution as you have been instructed. 16. Determine the concentration of the KHP solution. Preparation of 0. 025 M KHP / 0. 025 M Phthalate ion Buffer Solution. (Student 1) 17. Use pipet â€Å"A† to transfer 25. 0 mL of the 0. 10 M KHP solution prepared above into a clean 250-mL beaker. Record the volume on the lab report. 18. Use a graduated cylinder to add 25. 0 mL of boiled distilled water to the KHP. Mix the solution thoroughly. (Student 2) 19. Use pipet â€Å"A† to transfer 25. 0 mL of your 0. 10 M KHP solution into a clean 100-mL beaker. Record the volume on the lab report. 20. Read the volume of liquid in the buret to (0. 05 mL. You will need to estimate the last digit; remember, buret readings increase from top to bottom. Record the initial buret reading on the lab report. Make certain your eye level is even with the bottom of the meniscus. A piece of white paper behind the buret will assist you in reading the volume. 21. Place the beaker under the tip of the buret and add 25. 0 mL of 0. 10 M NaOH from the buret to the solution. Stir the solution as the NaOH is added to thoroughly mix the solution. Record the final buret reading to (0. 05 mL on the lab report. This solution which you just prepared contains 0. 50 M phthalate ion. 22. Refill the buret to the 0-mL mark with 0. 10 M NaOH. 23. Pour the phthalate ion solution which you prepared into the 250-mL beaker containing the KHP solution (Step 18, Student 1). Label the solution as â€Å"Buffer†. You have now prepared 100 mL of a buffer solution containing 0 . 025 M potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) and 0. 025 M potassium sodium phthalate (â€Å"phthalate ion†). Part II. Measurement of pH and Determination of Buffer Capacity. (Student 1) 1. Transfer 10. 0 mL of 0. 10 M HCl from the buret to a clean 150-mL beaker. Add 10. 0 mL of boiled distilled water to the beaker. Stir the mixture and measure the pH with the pH meter. Record the measurement on the lab report. 2. Place the beaker under the buret containing the 0. 10 M NaOH. Record the initial volume of NaOH in the buret to (0. 05 mL. Add 1. 0 mL of NaOH to the HCl solution. Stir the mixture and record the new volume of NaOH in the buret and pH on the lab report. 3. Add another 1. 0 mL of NaOH to the beaker. Stir and record the volume and pH on the lab report. Repeat this process until a total of 15 mL of NaOH has been added. 4. Discard the solution in the sink. Thoroughly clean the beaker with soap and water. Rinse the beaker twice with 5-mL portions of distilled water before proceeding to the next step. (Student 2) 5. Repeat steps 1 – 4 above using pipet â€Å"A† to transfer 10. 0 mL of 0. 10 M KHP solution to the beaker instead of 10. 0 mL of HCl. (Student 1) 6. Use pipet â€Å"B† to transfer 20. 0 mL of â€Å"Buffer† to a clean 150-mL beaker. Stir the solution and measure the pH with the pH meter. Record the measurement on the lab report. 7. Place the beaker under the buret containing the 0. 10 M NaOH. Record the initial volume of NaOH in the buret to (0. 05 mL. Add 1. 0 mL of NaOH to the buffer solution. Stir the mixture and record the new volume of NaOH in the buret and pH on the lab report. 8. Add another 1. 0 mL of NaOH to the beaker. Stir and record the volume and pH on the lab report. Repeat this process until a total of 10 mL of NaOH has been added. 9. Discard the solution in the sink. Thoroughly clean the beaker with soap and water. Rinse the beaker twice with 5-mL portions of distilled water before proceeding to the next step. (Student 2) 10. Repeat steps 6 – 9 above using pipet â€Å"B† to transfer 20. 0 mL of â€Å"Buffer† to the beaker. Titrate the buffer with 0. 10 M HCl instead of NaOH. C. Disposal All solutions may be discarded in the sink with plenty of running water. D. Data Analysis Use the graphing feature of Microsoft Excel or Vernier Graphical Analysis to create graphs of pH vs. mmol added for each of the four titrations. How to cite Acid-Base Buffers, Papers

Wingstop Restaurant Essay Example

Wingstop Restaurant Essay In 1994, Wingstop Restaurant has spearheaded the proliferation of tasty and ultimate Buffalo-style chicken wings. Since then, Wingstop have been a synonymous to chicken wings. Wingstop boasts of proprietary recipes to the delight of its customers. Furthermore, outstanding customer service and superb food have generated clamor and apparent demands, which only the Wingstop franchise can provide and satisfy. Wingstop CEO Jim Flynn, decalred that 80% of the company’s sales generate from the sales of their specialty chicken wings (Wingstop, 2008). Wingstop boasts of its nine proprietary wing flavors. The flavors are: Atomic, Original Hot, Cajun, Hawaiian Barbeque, Garlic Parmesan, Hickory Smoked BBQ, Mild, Teriyaki, and Lemon Pepper (Wingstop, 2008). Wingstop ensures that the chicken wings are made fresh-to-order, and served steaming-hot. However, Wingstop promotes its specialty the buffalo-style chicken wings as its main entrà ©e. Wingstop focal point of the restaurant is its servings of buffalo-style chicken wings with a variety of flavors; lives up to its monicker â€Å"The Wing Experts†. (Wingstop, 2008). The plethora of flavors of its chicken wings also augments the broad market appeals of the Wingstop franchise. The restaurant also serves a wide-array of delicious sides. Customers are always looking forward to have their fresh-cut fries with sodas and beers. Even though the chicken wings are the meal itself, Wingstop also offers a bevy of sumptuous and delicious side dishes from such as Idaho potato french fries, classic potato salad, chilled carrot sticks, hot rolls, and bourbon double-baked beans. Thirst quenchers include a wide array of wine and beers (Wingstop, 2008). We will write a custom essay sample on Wingstop Restaurant specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Wingstop Restaurant specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Wingstop Restaurant specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Current Marketing Situation In order to entice more customers, Wingstop incorporated a nostalgic and aviation-themed atmosphere in their restaurants. Eventually, Wingstop began franchising in 1997 in order to add more stores in the United States. The first franchised restaurant opened in 1998. Franchising is a significant part of the Wingstop’s growth. The appropriate location of a Wingstop restaurant is essential to a franchise owner’s success. Wingstop has proven that an appropriate location is one of the keys to success of the company. Wingstop’s professional real estate team ensures that aspects such as traffic patterns and flow, demographics of the area, types of development, and a number of other factors are considered and assessed in order to generate opportunities from a target location (Wingstop, 2008). Wingstop has ascertained that they have a different market segment compared to KFC and Popeye’s, which sells individual meals and for families. On the other hand, Buffalo-style chicken wings tend to draw people with similar interests such as the Super Bowl and other sports events.   A myriad of factors makes Wingstop an appealing prospect for franchisees. The menu itself is an enticing factor for people to inquire for a franchise. CEO Flyyn says that simplicity works bests for Wingstop. This suggests that the Wingstop marketing strategy is not difficult to manage for those who intend to avail a franchise, yet lack prior food service experience. Furthermore, restaurants with small menus tend to have lower labor costs compared to other restaurants.Today, Wingstop has grown from a small restaurant to one of the country’s vastly- proliferated specialty restaurants. Being the pioneer of the chicken wing restaurants, the company anticipates its development and progress for it to bolster revenues (Wingstop, 2008). SWOT Analysis and Comparative Advantage Strengths  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wingstop is the pioneer of Buffalo-styled chicken wing specialty restaurant.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is considered the Coke of chicken wing restaurants.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wingstop boasts a wide array of chicken wing recipes, which will cater to an eclectic group of customers.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wingstop is not only considered a family-oriented restaurant; it is actually host to groups who share the same interest like sports event ( Super Bowl). Weaknesses  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since it’s strictly a chicken wing specialty restaurant, Wingstop is limiting its menu to chicken wings and a number of side dishes that some restaurants already have.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wingstop is only synonymous to chicken wings, which suggests that customers can be confused that it only serves chicken wings.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Franchising could be considered a weakness as well, due to the fact that Wingstop cannot deliberately supervise a franchise outlet. Opportunities Wingstop has engaged in franchising and royalty transaction, which is aimed at promoting the restaurant. Locations have proven that Wingstop can generate a myriad of opportunities like celebrity athlete endorsements that complements Wingstops advertising and promotion; NFL hall of famer Troy Aikman has been a solid endorser for Wingstop patrons who happen to be Super Bowl fanatics as well. Wingstop incorporates an apt sense of franchising and catering services, which generates subsequent opportunities. Threats One of Wingstops threats is the emergence of take-out and delivery chicken wing specialty restaurants; these restaurants are apparently taking advantage of Wingstops success. Wingstop is threatened by the emergence of chicken wing meals at Popeye and KFC. Wingstops franchising can also experience a letdown in its franchising deal whenever a franchising outlet does not manage the outlet in an appropriate manner. Marketing Strategy and Objectives As a franchise owner for Wingstop, you should keep in mind that Wingstops marketing concept is brief and precise. Wingstop incorporates the concept of chickent wing flavor options that will entice diverse market segmentation. This generates revenues for Wingstop, which it owes a lot to its efficient and charisma. Wingstops marketing strategy has generated 90% of food sales from chicken wings and side dish of french fries. Though it may sound easy to moderate the supply and the orders; high volume of orders and variations of kitchen space have been crucial factors that Wingstop considers in its operations. Its always a challenge whenever a customer orders 100 chicken wings. Its a standard imperative that product and the service should be done in a perfect manner. This suggests that Wingstops marketing strategy with its narrow product offering. The focus of   Wingstops marketing strategy is undoubtedly to proliferate its wide array of chicken wing variety to its diverse customer base . Furthermore, it is looking forward to existing multi-unit franchisees to complement its entrance to potential new markets. The initial invesment for a wingstop franchise is from $181,500 to $250,00, which includes a one-time franchise fee of $20,000. 5% of gross sales will constitute the current royalty (Zimmerman, 2008). Food and paper prices constitute 34% of operating costs. The price of chicken wings have catapulted to new heights, which will mean a consequent increase in prices. The increase in chicken wing price is beyond the companys control due to the fact that chicken wings are a market-driven commodity. Wingstops marketing strategy is evident during Super Bowl season, where prices and revenues peaks up thend declines gradually (Zimmerman, 2008). We chose to use the customary pricing strategy based on competition for our burrito business.   With this pricing strategy, we will price our items within the range of our competitors. By pricing our items at or around the dollar amount of our competitors, we will not lose price-sensitive customers. This strategy will be the most effective for our target market- the Orlando community.   Because Orlando residents spend on average $11-20 a week eating out, our prices must fit into this range.   In order to do this, we will price our burritos at $6.00 for a burrito and $1.50 for a beverage.   Our goal is to create a comfortable environment in which students wish to relax and â€Å"chill out†.   Therefore, our prices must reflect this relaxed attitude and provide students with what they need at the prices they can afford. By using a set price, we add ease of payment and decision to the benefits of our customers. The use of the customary pricing strategy does not allow ou r competitors the advantage of price because we will be within their price range.   Instead of attracting customers with a lower price, we will compete with other restaurants through the quality of our product.   Our target market, the Orlando community, listed price as the main factor when deciding where to eat; however, quality was a close second.   By offering higher quality than our competitors in the same price bracket, we plan to have the competitive edge. We also plan to offer a large menu variety. Yet, we will keep a standard of $6.00 for all items with an additional charge for extra ingredients or specialized items.   While there are numerous quick service restaurants that offer a large variety, these restaurants price at varying amounts, as well. This factor will distinguish our business from our competitors who do not offer set pricing. As previously stated we will charge $6.00 for all standard burritos.   Standard burritos include pre-thought options and a build-your-own option.   If customers wish to add extras, there will be a 50-cent charge.   Drinks will also come at a standard size at $1.50 each. Break-Even Point The survey results to calculate the number of chicken wings sold.   Our survey results suggest that 54% of the students surveyed ate out 1-3 times a week; so a conservative estimate for total population would be about 3-4 times a month, or once a week. Therefore we calculated that 5,000 (people) x 4 (times a month) = 20,000.   Considering competition, we decided that our market base would be approximately half of that (20,000 / 2 = 10,000). Based on food and other costs we decided the appropriate price per burrito to be $6.00.   Therefore we calculated the chicken wing revenue (10,000 x $6) to equal $60,000 per month in seasonal high times. We figured an appropriate approximation of this population would be 50% of our normal population.   We then figured the chicken wing revenue in down times to equal $30,000/month (5,000 x $6).   Projected total chicken wing revenue over a 12-month period we calculated to equal $600,000. To calculate beverage revenue, we further assumed that 75% of our population will order a beverage (different from water) along with a chicken wing (10,000 x .75 = 7,500) and, again, approximating 50% of total in down times (7,500 / 2 = 3,750).   We figured an appropriate price per beverage was $1.50, based on costs and our competition’s pricing.   Therefore I projected total beverage revenue, over a 12-month period, to equal $112,500. With a monthly total of 10,000 customers, we expect to see anywhere from 83-220 customers on any given day.   I further predict to have two main peak times during the day; lunch and dinner in which we forecast 40-110 people within those three hour periods.   I believe that our capacity to provide our product will meet the needs of our consumers based on our target prep time.   With multiple orders being prepped simultaneously, we estimate being able to serve up to a max of 40 people an hour, and based on our survey, about 50% of those people will be eating inside the restaurant.   Based on the size of our restaurant, and this statistic, we will be able to meet our capacity of take-ins versus to-go; about 80 people inside the restaurant per hour. Action Plan for Wingstop Orlando Our product will be positioned ahead of competition in the mind of our customers in Orlando through concepts of food variety and a socially inviting ambiance. The slogan will be, â€Å"Chicken Wings for All.† The slogan is important because this is what people will remember and what will be imprinted their mind when choosing a restaurant. The sales promotion will communicate to our target market our unconventional chicken wing restaurant. The advertising message will utilize our slogan as well distinctive features and benefits of our restaurant. The message will say what we are- a chicken wing restaurant, what separates us from our competitors- our variety and atmosphere, our location, and our hours of operation. The hours of operation will be made bold on flyers and to go menus because our weekend is a feature and benefit of Wingstop. Our overall message in each type of sales promotion conducted will convey what our restaurant is all about and let potential customers know wha t to expect by providing a who, what, why, when, and where. For our direct marketing, I will have designed flyers for our restaurant to post around the community. The flyers that are going to be posted in Orlando will be round with our logo in the center, and it will cost $200 to produce 200 of them. The flyers will all have the same information: our name, Wingstop, with the sub-heading of â€Å"The Chicken Experts†, our location and hours, logo, and features and benefits. By posting flyers the potential target market will become familiar with our restaurant name and logo and be provided with all the information they need to gain awareness, interest and evaluation to prepare for trial and hopefully adoption. The sales promotions we will use consist of sampling, coupons, and continuity programs. I will use these methods because we believe they will not only build clientele, but also keep customers coming back for more. I will know how effective coupons are because customers wh o want to use them will be bringing them in. I can total how many are returned versus how many are given out and find out if they are worth the time and money. Sales promotions will be run at the beginning, middle, and end of the school year. Extra specials and coupons will be utilized during the summer when business is slow. Budgets and Variables Wingstop Orlando is projected to be in a strong financial position.   Start-up costs are projected at $272,344 for the first year. Sales revenue for the first year is projected at $712,500.   This shows that there is the ability to cover start-up costs with marginal profit to cover all other operational related expenses.   The break-even point will occur within the first year.   Based on the industry averages for major corporations in this industry with net profit margins of 3%-15% our business has a strong position with an estimated 30% net profit margin.   This estimate is significantly higher compared to major corporations because as a small business we have much lower costs to manage. As for first year cost, the total will be $272,344; these costs mainly include depreciation of equipment, utilities with deposits, promotional cost, and inventory for the first year. These costs are known cost for establishing the business, but do not include many operational costs.   Break-even, as stated before, will occur within the first year. Fixed costs are $150,456, and contribution to profit per unit is 5.1%, this will result in breakeven at the 29,502nd unit.   Based on this, break-even will occur on the third month.   Projected revenue for the first year will be $712,500 with a net income of $217,182.   This results in a net profit margin of 30%.   The revenue is derived from the sales projection of 10,000 units for the months of January through May, and September through November based on survey results.   The remaining months are projected with 5,000 unit sales. We estimate that 75% of the sales will be accompanied with a beverage in addition to a burrito, so total revenue is estimated including this projection which is based on survey results. Conclusion Wingstops Buffalo-style chicken wings will be irresistible to all. Whether our customers are craving an Atomic Chicken Wing, an basket of Idaho french fries, or a Chinese chicken salad, we plan to offer the Orlando community a wide range of satisfying menu selections by â€Å"Chicken Wings for All†.   Customers will come to our restaurant to gratify any craving he or she may have and will stay to enjoy our unique and comfortable ambiance. Our endless variety of chicken wings at affordable prices combined with our quick service all located at the convenience within the Orlando area will lead to a successful endeavor in the franchise chicken wing business.